Abstract: A method for curing a chemical composition, the composition containing at least one or more binders having ethylenically unsaturated groups, as well as one or more initiators for triggering a radical polymerization. The method includes a thermal curing step, in which the curing of the composition is effected by a radical polymerization of the binder, which is triggered by a thermal initiator and is carried out under protective gas. Paint films having improved mechanical properties can be produced using the method according to the present invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to an initiator system for triggering a radical polymerization reaction of a preparation that contains monomers and/or oligomers having ethylenically unsaturated groups. The initiators used are open-chain and/or cyclic N,N-diacylhydroxylamines of the general formula R—CO—N(OH)—Co—R?. The invention also relates to a method for starting a radical polymerization reaction by way of the thermally initiated formation of oxyl radicals from open-chain and/or cyclic N,N-diacylhydroxylamines or the O-alkyl or O-acyl derivatives thereof having the general formulae R—CO—N(OH)—CO—R?, R—CO—N(O—R)—CO—R? or R—CO—N(O—CO—R?)—CO—R?, wherein R, R?R and R? are the same or different organic substituents and R can be linked with R?.

Abstract: Self-coating or self-layering lacquer systems from at least two different resins, oligomers, or polymers, which are emulsifiable or dispersible in water, have different surface tensions, and form self-layering phases. After the application, the phases separate into the components of the formulation.

Abstract: A reactive paint to be completely cured in air with binders that bear ethylenically-unsaturated groups, that can be cured by radical polymerization either thermally or both thermally and by UV light or high-energy radiation in a dual-cure method. The paint contains a combined initiator system consisting of thermal initiators and UV initiators and reactive oligomers that are formed from addition compounds of a reactant of formula (4) and a reactant of formula (5) In this formula, X=—CO—CH?CH2 or —CnHm or —CO—CnHm. —CnHm is an aliphatic residue with 1 to 3 C atoms, whereby 0, 1, 2 or 3 X substituents are formed by —CnHm, and Y is a hydrocarbon chain of 3 to 8 atoms that can also contain heteroatoms. Also provided is a method for curing by radical polymerization. The polymerization is first started thermally under air and then is continued either thermally or photoinitiated under air or protective gas, and a use in paint systems, especially in automobile manufacturing or as a binder.

Abstract: A method for curing a chemical composition, the composition containing at least one or more binders having ethylenically unsaturated groups, as well as one or more initiators for triggering a radical polymerization. The method includes a thermal curing step, in which the curing of the composition is effected by a radical polymerization of the binder, which is triggered by a thermal initiator and is carried out under protective gas. Paint films having improved mechanical properties can be produced using the method according to the present invention.

Abstract: A reactive paint to be completely cured in air with binders that bear ethylenically-unsaturated groups, that can be cured by radical polymerization either thermally or both thermally and by UV light or high-energy radiation in a dual-cure method. The paint contains a combined initiator system consisting of thermal initiators and UV initiators and reactive oligomers that are formed from addition compounds of a reactant of formula (4) and a reactant of formula (5) In this formula, X=—CO—CH?CH2 or —CnHm or —CO—CnHm. —CnHm is an aliphatic residue with 1 to 3 C atoms, whereby 0, 1, 2 or 3 X substituents are formed by —CnHm, and Y is a hydrocarbon chain of 3 to 8 atoms that can also contain heteroatoms. Also provided is a method for curing by radical polymerization. The polymerization is first started thermally under air and then is continued either thermally or photoinitiated under air or protective gas, and a use in paint systems, especially in automobile manufacturing or as a binder.

Abstract: Self-coating or self-layering lacquer systems from at least two different resins, oligomers, or polymers, which are emulsifiable or dispersible in water, have different surface tensions, and form self-layering phases. After the application, the phases separate into the components of the formulation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pigment with color dependent on the viewing angle, which has been obtained by three-dimensional crosslinking of oriented substances of liquid-crystalline structure having a chiral phase. In order to stabilize the color of such a pigment at elevated temperatures, crosslinking is carried out in the presence of at least one additional, color-neutral compound comprising at least two crosslinkable double bonds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pigment with color dependent on the viewing angle, which has been obtained by three-dimensional crosslinking of oriented substances of liquid-crystalline structure having a chiral phase. In order to stabilize the color of such a pigment at elevated temperatures, crosslinking is carried out in the presence of at least one additional, color-neutral compound comprising at least two crosslinkable double bonds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a painted sheet metal part, such as a car body, with a polyacid layer between the coat of paint and the surface of the sheet metal part and to a method for applying such a coating on the part before painting. Initially, the part is cleaned and de-greased, and subsequently the polyacid layer is deposited and stabilized. In order to be able to apply this layer without losing wet adhesion qualities of the coat of paint and the anti-corrosive effect of coating layer, while presenting fewer ecological disadvantages or harmful consequences, polyacids, which comprise homopolymers or copolymers of carboxylic acids containing double bonds or of functional esters of carboxylic esters, or copolymers of carboxylic acids with vinyl compounds, are used pursuant to the present invention as the protective bonding layer. The polyacids used are further combined with polymers having a glass transition temperature above 100.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-layer coating for vehicle bodies which contains a plurality of different coating layers that differ from one another with respect to certain material parameter values and which separate on the substrate surface following their joint application and arrange themselves automatically layer-wise on the substrate surface in a sequence that is determined by the values of these material parameters. The top coating layer that settles automatically on top after application consists of either 1) plate-shaped interference pigments made of liquid crystalline side chain polymers which separate and automatically align themselves roughly parallel with the surface of the substrate, or 2) curable liquid crystalline polymers. The color phenomenon of this latter top layer is determined by the mesogens of the coating that have an interferential effect, are not crosslinked during coating application, and automatically align themselves roughly diagonally to the substrate surface.

Abstract: The pouring ladle can not only be tilted by a tilting drive and a cable around a permanent tilting axis in order to pour the molten metal in a mould, respectively to interrupt the pouring process, but the tilting axis can be lifted and lowered by a determined value by a lifting drive. By lifting and lowering the tilting axis, the tilting motion of the pouring ladle takes place approximately in the center of gravity of the molten metal. This permits to avoid compensating streams and wave motions of the molten metal when the pouring ladle tilts forward and backward and more definite and reliable processes are achieved, capable to be controlled, at the start of pouring and at the time of terminating the pouring. The lifting drive and the tilting drive can be utilized for further lifting the pouring ladle in order to advance the pouring ladle further toward the center of the mould at the first pouring process under holding a determined distance of security from the mould.

Abstract: The back and the braking body of the brake shoe are both formed as cast iron elements. The brake shoe, mainly consisting of molded parts, allows a particularly rational manufacture by casting operations or as a composite casting in one and the same casting mold, the casting mold being divided into casting cavities for the back and the braking body by a steel sheet. Cast-in steel reinforcements may be provided as well.

Abstract: A foundry installation control device is disclosed for causing a rapid cut off of a molten metal flow at the time when a mold is full. Two detectors are provided, one of which collects information concerning the instantaneous rate of metal flow pouring from a ladle into a sprue cup while the other collects information on the level of the molten metal in the cup. An electronic circuit connected to the outputs of the two detectors produces a mold filling signal which undergoes a sharp fluctuation at the precise moment when filling is completed. This signal is compared with an instruction value and causes the generation of a flow cut-off signal which triggers the cessation of pouring by righting of the ladle in the case of a tilting ladle, closing of the stopper in the case of a bottom-pour ladle, or closing the discharge valve in the case of a pressure ladle.

Abstract: A casting plant comprises a pressure ladle and a small-capacity tilting ladle to regulate the filling of molds making up a casting line and successively moving to a position beneath the tilting ladle. The control system comprises two servo loops. One servo loop includes sensors acting upon a motor to control the angular position of the tilting ladle so that the level of metal in the pouring gate of the mold remains constant during the pouring operation. During this time, an optical sensor, an angular-position sensor, and a pressure sensor included in the other servo loop supply input data which are processed to supply a signal acting upon a valve in a gas line feeding the pressure ladle. This valve regulates the flow of molten metal from the pressure ladle to the tilting ladle so that the quantity of metal contained in the tilting ladle remains substantially constant.

Abstract: A foundry installation control device is disclosed for causing a rapid cut off of a molten metal flow at the time when a mold is full. Two detectors are provided, one of which collects information concerning the instantaneous rate of metal flow pouring from a ladle into a sprue cup while the other collects information on the level of the molten metal in the cup. An electronic circuit connected to the outputs of the two detectors produces a mold filling signal which undergoes a sharp fluctuation at the precise moment when filling is completed. This signal is compared with an instruction value and causes the generation of a flow cut-off signal which triggers the cessation of pouring by righting of the ladle in the case of a tilting ladle, closing of the stopper in the case of a bottom-pour ladle, or closing the discharge valve in the case of a pressure ladle.

Abstract: In casting apparatus, a device is provided for the rapid exchange of a ladle to be tilted during the casting operation about a horizontal axis situated at its lip. In this device, a carriage can be run up and down on a stationary guide support which is curved about the aforementioned axis. The carriage has supporting arms which cooperate with hooking members disposed at the rear of the ladle in order to hold the ladle fast during tilting. After the empty ladle has been replaced on a dolly upon which it was moved into position, the supporting arms make it possible to move this ladle immediately away to the side and simultaneously to move a full ladle into a position where it is ready for lifting and tilting.

Abstract: An apparatus for an installation in which molten metal is poured in a mold comprises a sensor movable upwardly and downwardly by means of a servomechanism automatically controlled by electric circuit means so that, when pouring has begun, the lower end of an electric sensor follows the surface level of the metal in the pouring gate of the mold. A control device is operated in dependence with the movements of the sensor for causing the metal to be poured as a function of the surface level in the pouring gate.