Abstract: A dynamic constraint avoidance route system automatically analyzes routes of aircraft flying, or to be flown, in or near constraint regions and attempts to find more time and fuel efficient reroutes around current and predicted constraints. The dynamic constraint avoidance route system continuously analyzes all flight routes and provides reroute advisories that are dynamically updated in real time. The dynamic constraint avoidance route system includes a graphical user interface that allows users to visualize, evaluate, modify if necessary, and implement proposed reroutes.

Abstract: An e-commerce web site has an application tier and a web tier, each with multiple servers. The application tier runs the resource-intensive functions germane to the site's purpose; while the web tier provides the primary interface for clients. The web tier implements admission control so that some requests can be deferred during periods of heavy traffic. In addition, the web tier can request additional web-tier and application-tier resources when they can be added cost effectively. The application tier monitors its own resource utilization and communicates resource-utilization data to the web tier. The web tier uses this application-tier resource-utilization data to determine its deferral criteria. In addition, the web-tier can monitor its own resource utilization and take the results into account in determining the deferral criteria.

Abstract: An e-commerce web site has an application tier and a web tier, each with multiple servers. The application tier runs the resource-intensive functions germane to the site's purpose; while the web tier provides the primary interface for clients. The web tier implements admission control so that some requests can be deferred during periods of heavy traffic. In addition, the web tier can request additional web-tier and application-tier resources when they can be added cost effectively. The application tier monitors its own resource utilization and communicates resource-utilization data to the web tier. The web tier uses this application-tier resource-utilization data to determine its deferral criteria. In addition, the web-tier can monitor its own resource utilization and take the results into account in determining the deferral criteria.

Abstract: An e-commerce web site has an application tier and a web tier, each with multiple servers. The application tier runs the resource-intensive functions germane to the site's purpose; while the web tier provides the primary interface for clients. The web tier implements admission control so that some requests can be deferred during periods of heavy traffic. In addition, the web tier can request additional web-tier and application-tier resources when they can be added cost effectively. The application tier monitors its own resource utilization and communicates resource-utilization data to the web tier. The web tier uses this application-tier resource-utilization data to determine its deferral criteria. In addition, the web-tier can monitor its own resource utilization and take the results into account in determining the deferral criteria.

Abstract: A web site includes a denial-of-service trap as part of its admission control module. The trap forwards client requests with incomplete headers to a request assembler, where they are queued. If a selected queue is full, the oldest request is bumped. A request remains in the queue until it is matched with an incoming packet (which would provide, extend, or possibly complete the header), or until a timeout occurs or until it is bumped. Complete requests are passed toward a request processor for normal processing. In the event of an HTTP-level denial-of-service attack, requests with deliberately incomplete headers do not encumber the request processor, so normal service can continue.