Abstract: A method for constructing a large-span station by two-wing open type semi-covered excavation and semi-reverse construction, is divided into three stages of excavation. First, excavate a first-stage inner small foundation pit, then excavate a second-stage annular foundation pit within the first-stage retaining piles and outside the range of the first-stage inner small foundation pit, and finally excavate a third-stage semi-covered excavation foundation pit below the first-stage inner small foundation pit and the second-stage annular foundation pit. By setting graded retaining piles, middle upright post piles, middle top plates, local waist beams and local concrete supports in the soil-rock combination strata, so that the force transfer between the foundation pit enclosure and the station main body structures and the underlying rock layer is clear and reliable, and a stable frame structure is achieved.

Abstract: A method for characterising an object, including: providing, via a support plane, coherent incident radiation at the object at each of a plurality of radiation configurations, detecting, at a detector, an intensity of radiation scattered by the object for each radiation configurations, and determining, via an iterative process, an object transmission function associated with the object in dependence on the detected intensity of radiation for each radiation configurations. The iterative process comprises estimating, for each radiation configurations, an entrance wave function and an exit wave function, a support constraint and a current estimate of the object transmission function, determining a ratio of a sum of intensities of the exit wave function for the plurality of radiation configurations to a sum of intensities of the entrance wave function therefor, and updating the estimate of the object transmission function in dependence on the determined ratio and an amplitude constraint.

Abstract: A method for constructing a large-span station by two-wing open type semi-covered excavation and semi-reverse construction, is divided into three stages of excavation. First, excavate a first-stage inner small foundation pit, then excavate a second-stage annular foundation pit within the first-stage retaining piles and outside the range of the first-stage inner small foundation pit, and finally excavate a third-stage semi-covered excavation foundation pit below the first-stage inner small foundation pit and the second-stage annular foundation pit. By setting graded retaining piles, middle upright post piles, middle top plates, local waist beams and local concrete supports in the soil-rock combination strata, so that the force transfer between the foundation pit enclosure and the station main body structures and the underlying rock layer is clear and reliable, and a stable frame structure is achieved.

Abstract: This application discloses data transmission that includes: dividing to-be-transmitted content into a plurality of data units at a session layer; transmitting the data units to the target terminal device by using a first transmission channel as a responsible channel of the to-be-transmitted content; distributing, by the session layer in a case that the session layer switches the responsible channel of the to-be-transmitted content from the first transmission channel to a second transmission channel with a different transmission protocol, the data units to the second transmission channel; and transmitting the data units distributed by the session layer to the target terminal device through the second transmission channel. In data transmission in this application, the session layer controls switching of the channels and distribution of the data units, so that the transmission sequence is free from constraints of protocols and the degree of freedom in data transmission is increased.

Abstract: This application discloses data transmission that includes: dividing to-be-transmitted content into a plurality of data units at a session layer; transmitting the data units to the target terminal device by using a first transmission channel as a responsible channel of the to-be-transmitted content; distributing, by the session layer in a case that the session layer switches the responsible channel of the to-be-transmitted content from the first transmission channel to a second transmission channel with a different transmission protocol, the data units to the second transmission channel; and transmitting the data units distributed by the session layer to the target terminal device through the second transmission channel. In data transmission in this application, the session layer controls switching of the channels and distribution of the data units, so that the transmission sequence is free from constraints of protocols and the degree of freedom in data transmission is increased.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method of determining a position of an object with respect to incident radiation, comprising iteratively determining at least one of an object function indicating one or more characteristics of an object and a probe function indicative of one or more characteristics of incident radiation, iteratively determining the position of the object, wherein the iteratively determining the position of the object comprises cross correlating first and second estimates of the object function or the probe function, determining a location of a peak of the cross correlation, and determining a translation deviation indicative of a difference in position of the object between the first and second estimates based on the location of the peak.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method of determining a position of an object with respect to incident radiation, comprising iteratively determining at least one of an object function indicating one or more characteristics of an object and a probe function indicative of one or more characteristics of incident radiation, iteratively determining the position of the object, wherein the iteratively determining the position of the object comprises cross correlating first and second estimates of the object function or the probe function, determining a location of a peak of the cross correlation, and determining a translation deviation indicative of a difference in position of the object between the first and second estimates based on the location of the peak.

Abstract: A method of retrieving a phase of a wavefield comprising the steps of: providing an estimate of the wavefield ?0 at an initial plane; and propagating the wavefield to and fro between an entrance plane being a plane having an area to which the wavefield is confined and a detector plane via a wavefield transform device, wherein at the entrance plane a support constraint is applied and at the detector plane a magnitude constraint is applied, the wavefield transform device being arranged to apply a wavefield transform function to the wavefield, wherein the wavefield transform function is characterised by a finite deviation from a lens function.