Abstract: There is disclosed a catalyst for ortho-alkylation of phenols obtained by calcination of a catalyst precursor comprising a dry mixture of:(a) manganese oxalate;(b) phenolic resin fine particles; and(c) at least one magnesium compound selected from the group consisting of basic magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide.There is further disclosed a process for producing ortho-alkylated phenols by the gas phase reaction between an alkyl alcohol and a phenol in the presence of the ortho-alkylation catalyst defined above.

Abstract: A method of producing styrene derivatives expressed the general formula (2) by reacting a benzaldehyde derivative expressed by the general formula (1) with dibromomethane under the existence of zinc metal as well as an active chloride for producing various types of oxystyrene which are polymerized monomers as a photoresist material used in a high density integrated circuit process from easily available materials which also can easily be handled: ##STR1## (wherein R indicates a an alkyl group, alkoxyalkyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a 5 or 6-atom heterocylclic groups, or an alkylsilyl group); ##STR2## (wherein R indicates any of the same substituents as those described above.

Abstract: The process for preparing anilines by reaction of phenols with an amination agent in accordance with the present invention is disclosed, which process is characterized by carrying out the reaction of phenols with an amination agent in the presence of a low alkali and weakly acidic alumina catalyst having the alkali oxide content of less than 0.5% by weight, said alumina catalyst being obtained by firing an alumina catalyst containing in a dry state more than 80% by weight of alumina and less than 20% by weight of silica at a temperature of 600.degree.-900.degree. C., followed by acid treatment. According to the present invention, there are obtained such excellent effects that even when the reaction is carried out at a temperature lower than those employed in the case of conventionally well-known catalysts, the desired anilines can be prepared in high yields and high selectivity and, moreover, a high catalyst activity can be maintained over a long period of time.

Abstract: Propylene can be prepared in high yield and selectivity by dehydrating isopropanol in the presence of a .gamma.-alumina catalyst having a mean pore diameter of from 30 to 150 .ANG. with a standard deviation (.sigma..sub.n) of from 10 to 40 .ANG. based on statistic calculation from pore diameter and pore volume.

Abstract: A process for producing a phenol from the steps of:(a) partially hydrogenating a benzene, followed by separating the reaction mixture into respective components of a cyclohexene, a cyclohexane and a benzene;(b) oxidizing or hydrating the separated a cyclohexene into oxygen-containing compounds of a cyclohexane;(c) dehydrogenating the oxygen-containing compounds of a cyclohexane into a phenol;(d) dehydrogenating the cyclohexane separated in step (a) to convert the cyclohexane into a benzene; and(e) returning a part or all of hydrogen formed in steps (c) and (d) back to step (a).

Abstract: This invention relates to carboxylic acid ester compounds or liquid crystal compounds represented by the following formula [A], liquid crystal compositions and liquid crystal elements using these compounds, the method of producing said liquid crystal elements, and other uses. ##STR1## wherein R represents one radical selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 6-18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 6-18 carbon atoms, and a halogenated alkyl group having 6-18 carbon atoms, X represents --CF.sub.3 or --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.3, m is an integral number of 1-10 when X is --CF.sub.3, and an integral number of 2-10 when X is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.3, and C* represents an asymmetric carbon atom.

Abstract: Isopropanol is prepared through catalytic hydrogenation of acetone by feeding hydrogen gas and acetone liquid into a reactor having a fixed catalyst bed from its top to form a cocurrent gas/liquid downflow while maintaining the catalyst bed in a trickle bed state. This process can produce isopropanol at a high reaction rate in high yields using a simple reactor.

Abstract: A process for producing 4,4'-diphenylmethane dicarbamates through one-stage condensation by reacting N-phenyl carbamates with a methylenating agent in presence of a zinc halide, as a catalyst. 4,4'-diphenylmethane dicarbamates can be produced with high selectivity and in high yield.

Abstract: Phenol is produced in a recycle manner by (a) reacting benzene with propylene to synthesize cumene, (b) oxidizing the cumene of step (a) into cumene hydroperoxide, (c) acid cleaving cumene hydroperoxide into phenol and acetone, (d) hydrogenating the acetone of step (c) into isopropanol, (e) dehydrating the isopropanol of step (d) into propylene, and (f) recycling the propylene of step (e) to step (a). It is also possible to take propylene from step (e). The acetone by-product produced upon preparation of phenol is converted into propylene which is useful by itself for any other uses or recycled to the phenol producing process.

Abstract: In a first form, a process is provided for preparing phenol by converting acetone by-produced by the cumene process into isopropanol, and alkylating benzene with the isopropanol and optional propylene, thereby forming phenol without acetone by-product. And cumene is prepared by alkylating benzene in the presence of a zeolite catalyst using isopropanol or a mixture of isopropanol and propylene as an alkylating agent. Further provided is the continuous alkylation of benzene with isopropanol wherein a reaction mixture is divided into first and second portions, with the first portion being recycled to the reactor and the second portion being taken out as a reaction product.

Abstract: An aniline is prepared by reacting a phenol with an amination agent in the presence of a specific porous .gamma.-alumina catalyst.

Abstract: Phenol is produced by dehydrogenating cyclohexenone through a vapor-phase reaction in the presence hydrogen using a solid-phase catalyst having platinum and alkali metal carried on a support.

Abstract: A phenol and/or a cyclohexanone is prepared by dehydrogenation of cyclohexenone and/or a cyclohexenol in liquid phase under the presence of a solid catalyst comprising a platinum-group metal loaded on a carrier. The solid catalyst comprises a carrier selected from activated carbon and hydrotalcites.

Abstract: A hydrogenation catalyst which is prepared by adsorbing ruthenium ions on a hydrotalcite (i.e. an anionic clay mineral) and/or a compound capable of conversion to a hydrotalcite structure by hydration, and then reducing said adsorbed ruthenium ions. The catalyst suitable for use in a process by which a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is partially reduced to produce cyclohexene.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2-unsubstituted imidazoles which comprises reacting an .alpha.-hydroxycarbonyl compound with a formamide in such amounts as to make the molar ratio of said formamide to said hydroxycarbonyl compound not more than 2 at a reaction temperature of 100.degree.-170.degree. C. in an atmosphere of ammonia gas. According to this process, 2-unsubstituted imidazoles may be obtained in very high yields. In addition, because no great excess of formamide is used in carrying out the reaction, an effect of not requiring the recovery operation incident to decomposition of formamide is obtained as well. And by removing formic acid formed as a by-product by the reaction, a reactor and separation equipment such as a distillation column are not corroded, and imidazoles of a high purity can be obtained.

Abstract: A process for producing an aminophenol, which comprises(A) a step of reacting a dihydric phenol with an aminating reagent in the liquid state under heat in the presence of water and a water-soluble catalyst,(B) a step of removing the unreacted aminating reagent from the reaction mixture, and then precipitating the crude aminophenol from the reaction mixture from which the aminating reagent has been removed, thereby to obtain a crystallization mixture containing the crude aminophenol,(C) a step of separating the crystallization mixture into crystals of the crude aminophenol and the reaction mother liquor containing the catalyst,(D) a step of circulating part or the whole of the reaction mother liquor to the aminating step, and(E) a step of washing the crude aminophenol crystals with a washing liquor to obtain the washed crude aminophenol crystals and the washing mother liquor, and thereafter separating the aminophenol from the washed crude aminophenol crystals and purifying it.

Abstract: A process for continuously producing 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane having a high quality from a reaction of phenol and acetone in the presence of a hydrochloric acid containing catalyst comprising the steps of:(A) carrying out the reaction by continuously charging additional phenol, the below-mentioned circulating phenol, additional acetone, additional hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid, the below-mentioned circulating oily mother liquor, and the below-mentioned aqueous mother liquid into a reactor to form a reaction mixture slurry comprising the crude phenol adduct of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane in the form of crystal and two liquid phase reaction mother liquors of an oily mother liquor and an aqueous mother liquor;(B) separating the reaction mixture slurry into the crude phenol adduct of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and the two liquid phase mother liquors after discharging the reaction mixture slurry from the reactor;(C) separating the two liquid phase mother liquors obtained in the above-me

Abstract: A process for recovery of resorcinol from an aqueous resorcinol solution containing hydroquinone which comprises oxidizing an aqueous resorcinol solution containing about 10 to about 60% by weight of resorcinol and up to about 1% by weight of hydroquinone with molecular oxygen at conditions of pH 6.5 to 9.5, followed by recovering resorcinol from the resultant oxidation product.

Abstract: In a process for producing resorcinol, which comprises cleaving m-diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide in the presence of a water-soluble acid catalyst in a mixed solvent consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon and acetone, treating the resulting acid cleavage product containing resorcinol with an aqueous solution of a neutral salt under acidic conditions, separating the solvent layer containing resorcinol from the aqueous layer, and recovering resorcinol from the separated solvent layer; the improvement wherein (i) the acid cleavage is carried out while maintaining the weight ratio of the aromatic hydrocarbon to acetone at less than 0.6, and at a time after formation of the acid cleavage product but before the treatment of the cleavage product with the aqueous solution of the neutral salt, the amount of the aromatic hydrocarbon in the mixed solvent is adjusted so that the weight ratio of the aromatic hydrocarbon to acetone in the product is from 0.6 to 1.

Abstract: In a process for producing an aromatic alcohol by catalytic hydrogenation of at least one tertiary peroxide selected from the group consisting of tertiary aromatic hydroperoxides and tertiary aromatic peroxides in the presence of a palladium catalyst in a lower aliphatic alcohol solvent to form the corresponding alcohol; the improvement wherein said catalyst has a palladium metal surface area, determined by the CO chemisorption method, of up to about 200 m.sup.2 /g.multidot.Pd.