Abstract: A first exemplary aspect is a cooling apparatus including: a heat insulator covering at least a part of a target object a supply pipe connected to a space between the heat insulator and the target object; a crusher configured to supply a sublimable coolant powder to the supply pipe; and an air cooler configured to jet gas to the supply pipe so that the coolant powder flows therethrough.

Abstract: A first exemplary aspect is a cooling apparatus 100 including: a heat insulator 70 covering at least a part of a target object 80; a supply pipe 30 connected to a space 81 between the heat insulator 70 and the target object 80; a crusher 21 configured to supply a sublimable coolant powder to the supply pipe 30; and an air cooler 22 configured to jet gas to the supply pipe 30 so that the coolant powder 42 flows therethrough.

Abstract: A heater is disposed in contact with a hydrogen storage unit filled with a hydrogen absorption material. The heater includes at least one combustion chamber which includes a catalyst carrier and in which a combustible gas is burned, a combustible gas burning catalyst carried on the catalyst carrier, at least one combustible gas introduction chamber adjoining the combustion chamber with its chamber wall interposed therebetween, a plurality of combustible gas inlets disposed in a dispersed manner in the chamber wall to permit the combustion chamber and the introduction chamber to communicate with each other, and a combustion gas outlet communicating with the combustion chamber. Thus, the degree of uniformity of a temperature profile is decreased.

Abstract: A hydrogen containing material comprises a first compound including hydrogen containing material and fluoride, and a second compound including a metal which becomes highly reactive with hydrogen when the metal becomes a compound including fluorine, and a compound including fluorine. The first compound and the second compound are integrally formed into a one-piece layer on the surface of the hydrogen containing material. The metal which becomes highly reactive with hydrogen when the metal becomes a compound including fluorine is at least one metal selected from a rare earth metal, rare earth alloy, Fe, Al, Mg, Ca, Mn, Zn, Zr, Li, or alloys comprising these elements.

Abstract: A hydrogen containing material comprises a first compound including hydrogen containing material and fluoride, and a second compound including a metal which becomes highly reactive with hydrogen when the metal becomes a compound including fluorine, and a compound including fluorine. The first compound and the second compound are integrally formed into a one-piece layer on the surface of the hydrogen containing material. The metal which becomes highly reactive with hydrogen when the metal becomes a compound including fluorine is at least one metal selected from a rare earth metal, rare earth alloy, Fe, Al, Mg, Ca, Mn, Zn, Zr, Li, or alloys comprising these elements.

Abstract: A heater is disposed in contact with a hydrogen storage unit filled with a hydrogen absorption material. The heater includes at least one combustion chamber which includes a catalyst carrier and in which a combustible gas is burned, a combustible gas burning catalyst carried on the catalyst carrier, at least one combustible gas introduction chamber adjoining the combustion chamber with its chamber wall interposed therebetween, a plurality of combustible gas inlets disposed in a dispersed manner in the chamber wall to permit the combustion chamber and the introduction chamber to communicate with each other, and a combustion gas outlet communicating with the combustion chamber. Thus, the degree of ununiformity of a temperature profile is decreased.