Abstract: A method of producing an organic compound, which contains a step of performing a deodorization step using a flow reaction in a flow passage to remove, from a reaction liquid, a malodorous material generated or remaining in a reaction step, wherein the organic compound is an industrially useful compound.

Abstract: A method of producing an organic compound, which contains a step of performing a deodorization step using a flow reaction in a flow passage to remove, from a reaction liquid, a malodorous material generated or remaining in a reaction step, wherein the organic compound is an industrially useful compound.

Abstract: A method of producing an aldehyde compound or a ketone compound by oxidation of a primary or secondary alcohol compound having, in the molecule, a group selected from an amino group, an azido group, a hydroxy group, and a hydroxy group protected with a protective group, the method containing the steps of: a first step including colliding and mixing the alcohol compound, a dialkyl sulfoxide having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and an acid anhydride having 4 to 10 carbon atoms in a flow-through type reactor to cause a reaction; and a second step including colliding and mixing, in a flow-through type reactor, a trialkylamine having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and the mixture liquid obtained in the first step to cause a reaction; wherein the reactions in the first step and the second step are sequentially performed.

Abstract: A casting film (24) is formed by casting a cellulose acylate solution (16) onto a cold drum (22) continuously running. The cellulose acylate solution (16) contains at most 0.01% of a compound which is extracted to a liquid incompatible with the water in a mixture of the water and the liquid. That is, at most 50 mg of the compound is contained in 100 g of cellulose acylate. In the cellulose acylate solution (16), a concentration C1 of Ca is at most 100 ppm, a proportion of the C1 to a concentration C2 of sulfuric acid satisfies the following formula: 0.5?C1/C2?1.5, and a concentration of Mg is in the range of 5 ppm to 50 ppm. Thereby, contamination of the surface of the cold drum (22) is prevented.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of manufacturing a photographic polyester film, comprising forming an unstretched film controlling; each of the temperature of the inlet of a melt extruder, at a temperature in the range from "the melting point of the polymer (Tm)"-10.degree. C. to the Tm+15.degree. C.; the temperature of the central part of a screw, at a temperature in the range from the Tm to the Tm+30.degree. C.; and the temperature of the outlet thereof, at a temperature in the range from the Tm+10.degree. C. to the Tm+35.degree. C., followed by biaxial stretching and heat-setting, and a photographic support manufactured by the method. The thus obtained photographic polyester support excels in photographic properties, adhesiveness, and mechanical strength, and that moreover hardly causes a core set curl and fog formation.

Abstract: A method for dyeing a photographic polyester support is disclosed, comprising the use of transparent pellets and a dye granulated so as to satisfy the requirements that:(1) the particle size is 50% or more;(2) the angle of repose is 60.degree. or less; and(3) the particle hardness is from 160 to 400 g on average and has a lower limit of 50 g.

Abstract: A method for preparing a photographic photosensitive film comprising a support and formed on at least one side thereof photographic constituent layers containing a photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer is disclosed, which comprises subjecting the photographic photosensitive film to an "out-of-roll curling treatment" so as to result in an outermost-lap curl value of from 55 m.sup.-1 to 200 m.sup.-1 as measured after the treated film is housed in a cartridge, with the emulsion layer side facing inward. Also disclosed are a photographic photosensitive film which comprises a support and formed on at least one side thereof photographic constituent layers containing a photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer and has been prepared by the above method, and a photographic film cartridge containing housed therein the above photographic photosensitive film so that a front end part of the film is out of the cartridge over a length of at least 1 cm.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of manufacturing a photographic polyester film, comprising forming an unstretched film controlling; each of the temperature of the inlet of a melt extruder, at a temperature in the range from "the melting point of the polymer (Tm)"-10.degree. C. to the Tm+15.degree. C.; the temperature of the central part of a screw, at a temperature in the range from the Tm to the Tm+30.degree. C.; and the temperature of the outlet thereof, at a temperature in the range from the Tm+10.degree. C. to the Tm+35.degree. C., followed by biaxial stretching and heat-setting, and a photographic support manufactured by the method. The thus obtained photographic polyester support excels in photographic properties, adhesiveness, and mechanical strength, and that moreover hardly causes a core set curl and fog formation.

Abstract: A photographic material comprising a polyester support and an undercoat and/or backcoat layer applied thereto is treated with an alkaline aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide. The polyester support can be recovered for reuse without quality degradation like foreign matter contamination and transmittance losses.

Abstract: A continuous silver halide photographic sheet comprises a continuous support which has Young's modulus of 450 to 650 kg/mm.sup.2 in both of its length and width directions and has a knurled area in the form of a belt on each side, at least one subbing layer formed on the support; and at least one silver halide emulsion coated on the subbing layer not only in an area between both knurled areas but also in the knurled areas under the condition that each of the knurled areas has an area in the form of a belt having emulsion coating which has a width of 5 to 95% of the width of the belt of knurled area. Further, a process for preparing the continuous silver halide photographic sheet comprises the steps of forming at least one subbing layer on the support, and coating at least one silver halide emulsion on the subbing layer in the areas described above.

Abstract: A method of producing a photographic polyester laminate support having a laminate of layers of at least two kinds of polyesters can provide low formation of scratches in a camera and a curl in the film's width direction. In the support, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of each polyester of the laminate is within the range of from 90.degree. C. to 200.degree. C. and the laminate is subjected to heat-fixing in a temperature range as defined by formula (1):Heat-fixing temperature (.degree.C.)=(Tm(L)-50) to (Tm(H)-10)formula (1)wherein Tm(H)(.degree.C.) means the highest melting temperature of polyesters that constitute the laminate support, and Tm(L)(.degree.C.) means the lowest melting temperature of polyesters that constitute the laminate support.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for heat treatment of a photographic polyester film support, comprising steps of winding a biaxially oriented polyester film into a roll so that the thickness of a gas layer lying between the film layers continually becomes 1.5 .mu.m to 10 .mu.m, and then subjecting the roll of the polyester film to heat treatment at a temperature between 50.degree. C. and the glass transition temperature of the polyester. According to the above process, a photographic polyester film support, which is excellent in flatness of the film and does not cause unevenness of coating, can be provided.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed, which comprises a support having thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer, wherein the support is polyester having a glass transition temperature of from 90.degree. C. to 200.degree. C. and contains a specific dye and/or an inorganic pigment in a slight amount.

Abstract: There is disclosed a silver halide photographic material having a support and at least one silver halide emulsion layer on at least one side of the support, which comprises a layer containing at least one ultraviolet absorbent that is present on one or both surfaces or a support containing at least one ultraviolet absorbent, the total content of the ultraviolet absorbent being 0.01 to 10 g/m.sup.2, and the support being made of a polyethylene naphthalate or its derivative. As the ultraviolet absorbent, at least one of compounds represented by formula (I) to (VI) is preferably used.

Abstract: A polyester support prepared by the step of subjecting a polyester film to bulk rolling and heating the bulk rolled polyester film to a temperature of from 50.degree. C. to the glass transition point of said polyester film, or subjecting a polyester film to bulk rolling at a temperature of from 50.degree. C. to the glass transition point of said polyester film, resulting in the polyester support, wherein the glass transition point of said polyester film is 90.degree. to 200.degree. C., and wherein the step of bulk rolling has a start tension of 3 to 75 kg/m per unit width of the polyester film and an end tension of 3 to 75 kg/m per unit width of the polyester film.

Abstract: A method for heat treating a rolled polyester support at a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature (Tg) is disclosed, wherein the polyester film is wound around a core to have a difference in roll diameter of 10% or less and then heat treated to render the film surface smooth. Further disclosed are a photographic polyester support which is subjected to heat treatment according to the above-described method, a silver halide photographic material which uses the above-described polyester support and a polyester support having a creak value of from 10 to 600 g.

Abstract: Disclosed is a silver halide photographic material of a roll film form having at least one light-sensitive layer on a polyester film support. The polyester film support has a glass transition point (Tg) from 90.degree. C. to 200.degree. C. and has been heat-treated at a temperature from 50.degree. C. to its Tg. Also disclosed is a silver halide photographic material having at least one light-sensitive layer on a polyester film support, in which the polyester film support has a glass transition point from 90.degree. C. to 200.degree. C. and has been formed under the filming condition of a stretching temperature difference between the two surfaces of the film. The material is hardly curled even in the form of a roll film wound around a thin spool and has excellent mechanical characteristics.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed, which comprises at least one compound represented by the following general formula (1) or (2): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represent a C.sub.25-70 alkyl group; X, Y and Z each represent a divalent bridging group; A and B each represent any unit selected from the group consisting of --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.a --, --(CH.sub.2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 O).sub.b --, --((CH.sub.2).sub.c CH(R)CH.sub.2 O).sub.d --, and --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.e --(CH.sub.2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 O).sub.f --((CH.sub.2).sub.c CH(R)CH.sub.2 O).sub.g -- in which c represents an integer 1 to 3 and R represents H, CH.sub.3 or phenyl group; D represents a hydrogen atom or C.sub.1-8 alkyl group; and a represents 5 to 40, b and d each represent 5 to 30, e represents 0 to 40, and f and g each represent 0 to 30.

Abstract: A photographic film-incorporated camera which comprises a supply room in which an unexposed photographic film drawn from a cylindrical cartridge has been wound up and a wind-up room with which the cylindrical cartridge is enclosed, and which is designed to feed one exposure of the photographic film drawn from the supply room per a shooting to wind up in the cylindrical cartridge. The photographic film comprises a photographic layer on a composite of a support and a subbing layer. The composite is obtained by subjecting the support which comprises an aromatic polyester having a glass transition temperature of 50.degree. to 200.degree. C. to heat treatment at a temperature of 40.degree. C. to the glass transition temperature for 0.1 to 1,500 hours before or after forming the subbing layer on the support.

Abstract: Disclosed is a silver halide photographic material provided with at least one silver halide emulsion layer on a support and wound in a roll form, wherein the above support is subjected to a heat treatment until a heat amount in an endothermic peak which appears including a glass transition temperature becomes 100 to 1,000 mcal/g, and the support is of biaxially oriented polyester having a loss elastic modulus of 0.01 to 0.1, the glass transition temperature of 50.degree. to 200.degree. C., a Young's modulus of 530 to 2,000 kg/mm.sup.2, a breaking elongation of 60 to 200%, and a ratio of the refraction indexes in a film face direction and a thickness direction of 1.10 to 1.22.