Abstract: The present invention provides a process for efficiently dephosphorizing, dephosphorizing and decarbonizing, or desulfurizing, dephosphorizing and decarbonizing a hot metal in a converter. The amount of flux to be charged and the amount of bottom-blown gas are adjusted so that the bottom-blowing agitation power and the CaO/SiO.sub.2 ratio subsequent to the treatment become at least 0.1 kW/ton and from 0.7 to 2.5, respectively and the hot metal temperature at the treatment end point becomes from 1,200.degree. to 1,450.degree. C. Furthermore, the operation of the process is controlled so that the sum of a T.Fe concentration and a MnO concentration in the slag subsequent to the treatment becomes from 10 to 35% by weight by adjusting the top-blown oxygen feed rate, the flow rate of bottom-blown gas or the top-blowing lance height.

Abstract: Toner for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising (a) a polyester resin obtained by polymerizing a composition containing an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, at least one of said alcohol and carboxylic acid containing multifunctional component of not less than tri-valents and (b) an epoxy resin.

Abstract: The present invention is for the improvements of a developer for a one-component latent electrostatic image and the process for the preparation thereof. The present invention is the one which has improved points at issue in the case of using a developer for the conventional conductive one-component latent electrostatic image for a copying machine using a corona discharger and in which particles are prepared by uniformly mixing a magnetic substance in resin and the magnetic substance is substantially exposed on the particle surface by heat treatment and hydrophobic silica fine powders are supported on, or interposed in, said particles; the particles are, as a whole, electrically insulating and given electric charge necessary to form an image by friction of mutual particles; thus even in a copying machine using a corona discharger, good development can be obtained with this developer; and further the present invention is the one which provides a process for the preparation of said particles.