Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming apparatus, which is able to prevent the adherence of toner on the surface of toner controlling means and around a toner passage hole, and to stably carry out toner passage ON/OFF control when forming an image using the direct recording method. This image forming apparatus includes: a toner carrier; recording medium means; toner controlling means, disposed between the toner carrier and recording medium means, and having a plurality of toner passage holes; and cloud electrode means disposed between the toner carrier and toner controlling means, a toner cloud being formed by applying an AC bias between the toner carrier and cloud electrode means.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming apparatus, which is able to prevent the adherence of toner on the surface of toner controlling means and around a toner passage hole, and to stably carry out toner passage ON/OFF control when forming an image using the direct recording method. This image forming apparatus includes: a toner carrier; recording medium means; toner controlling means, disposed between the toner carrier and recording medium means, and having a plurality of toner passage holes; and cloud electrode means disposed between the toner carrier and toner controlling means, a toner cloud being formed by applying an AC bias between the toner carrier and cloud electrode means.

Abstract: There are provided an organosilicon compound of formula (I) and a producing method thereof: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group which may have a substituent; R.sup.4 is an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an alicyclic alkyl group, a phenyl group which may have a substituent, or a benzyl group which may have a substituent; and X is a halogen atom, a benzenesulfonate radical, a hydroxynaphthalenesulfonate radical, BPh.sub.4, BF.sub.4, ClO.sub.4, or SbCl.sub.5. In addition, a toner and a two-component dry developer for developing latent electrostatic images containing the above organosilicon compound are also provided.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display cell comprising a pair of flexible polymer film substrates having a transparent electrode disposed on the surface thereof and a liquid crystal material sandwiched therebetween. The transparent electrode is a metal oxide film which has a surface resistivity of not greater than 100 ohm per square, a bending property of not greater than 2.0, a curling degree, H, of 0<H<5 mm and a transmittance to light of 550 nm of not less than 75%. Further, this metal oxide is substantially amorphous, and is formed by a DC sputtering method.

Abstract: A projection device for irradiating a light to a display device and optically magnifying and projecting a reflection light therefrom includes a liquid crystal cell, a first polarization device and a reflection device disposed respectively on the opposite side from the irradiated side of the liquid crystal cell and a second polarization device and optical magnifying means disposed respectively on an optical path of the reflection light reflected by said reflection device and outgoing from said liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: A liquid crystal color display device having a liquid crystal unit, a light source, and a color filter. The liquid crystal unit has a liquid crystal cell having a sealed liquid crystal material and a transparent pixel electrode composed of pixel electrode elements. The liquid crystal unit controls transmission and shutoff of light dependent on image information. The color filter is positioned for passage therethrough of light emitted from the light source. The color filter comprises pixel filters aligned with the pixel electrode elements in the liquid crystal cell. The spectral light transmission ranges of the respective pixel filters and/or the spectral light emission ranges of the light source are determined for improved improving color reproduceability.

Abstract: A cleaning device for removing the residual toner particles on the insulating surface in a two color printing apparatus includes a rotatable cleaning brush having two kinds of fiber materials charged the opposite polarities, and a flicker device is also provided for flicking the brush to remove toner particles therefrom as the brush rotates.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic system in which latent images of negative and positive polarities formed electrostatically on a photoconductive member or a dielectric member are successively developed with two different kinds of toners and then transferred onto a transfer medium, an image transfer and sheet separation apparatus comprises a precharger for uniformalizing the different polarities of the toners carried on the photoconductive member or the dielectric member, a transfer charger for transferring the toners onto the transfer medium, and a conductive member for image transfer and sheet separation located to become intimately engaged by the transfer medium and provided with means for applying a voltage.

Abstract: A copying method for producing duplicates of an original of at least two colors by using a composite photosensitive member including more than two photosensitive layers, wherein the photosensitive member is subjected to charging more than twice and exposed to an optical image of the original more than once by changing charging and exposing conditions, to vary charge carried on the surface and in the interior of the photosensitive member. This causes two types of electrostatic image to be formed on the surface of the photosensitive member; one type includes image regions having a positive surface potential, a negative surface potential and a substantially zero surface potential respectively and the other type includes two image regions having different surface potentials of same polarity respectively, and one image regions of substantially zero surface potential, depending on differences in color between image regions of the original corresponding to the image regions on the photosensitive member.

Abstract: An improved two-color electrophotographic copying apparatus comprising a non-magnetic sleeve for supplying magnetic toner to latent electrostatic images formed on a photoconductor, for the development of said images, for use in one or both of the development section for the two colors, whereby, by means of the so-called counter electrode effect, two-color copies can be obtained in which the so-called edge effect has been completely or substantially eliminated. In one category of embodiments, a series of ridges and grooves are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the non-magnetic sleeve. The peaks of those ridges serve to decrease the effective distance between the non-magnetic sleeve and the surface of the photoconductor, which decrease in distance is advantageous in enhancing the counter electrode effect.

Abstract: First and second developing units (66), (67) apply toners of first and second colors respectively to a photoconductive drum (61) carrying a bipolar electrostatic image to form a bicolor toner image. A small amount of the first toner is scraped off the drum (61) in the second developing step and becomes mixed with the second toner in the second developing unit (67). The admixed first toner is separated and removed from the second toner by a separation member in the form of a roller, belt or mesh covered electrode (81) which is charged to a polarity opposite to the first toner and electrostatically attracts the same while repelling the second toner.

Abstract: In an electrostatographic apparatus (11) such as a facsimile receiver, an electrical discharge electrode assembly (14) progressively forms an electrostatic image on an endless belt (12) as the belt (12) moves relative thereto. The belt (12) comprises a transparent substrate layer (12a) on which is formed a photoconductive layer (12b) and a dielectric layer (12c), with the electrostatic image being formed on the dielectric layer (12c). A lamp (26) illuminates the photoconductive layer (12b) to vary the conductivity thereof with an intensity according to the speed of movement of the belt (12).

Abstract: An electrophotographic development method and apparatus using two magnetic brushes for developing two-color images do not disturb or destroy a first developed image during a second development process, since a second magnetic brush contacts the surface of a latent electrostatic image bearing member more lightly than a first magnetic brush and the toner scraping force of the second magnetic brush is reduced in comparison with that of the second magnetic brush by setting the magnetic flux density on a second non-magnetic sleeve with an internally disposed magnet smaller than the magnetic flux density on a first magnetic sleeve, or by adjusting the distance between the second non-magnetic sleeve and the surface of the latent electrostatic image bearing member or by use of other methods. Further, by employing toners with different quantity of electric charge, high quality two-color images are obtained.

Abstract: A photoconductive drum is formed with a photoconductive dielectric layer for producing an electrostatic image and an endless transfer belt is formed with a dielectric layer thereon. A toner substance is applied to the drum to produce a toner image, and a copy sheet is pressed between the belt and drum to transfer the toner image to the copy sheet. An electric potential of the same polarity as the electrostatic image is applied to the copy sheet to attract the toner from the drum onto the copy sheet. The potential has a magnitude which is slightly less than a magnitude at which charge transfer from the belt to the drum occurs due to dielectric breakdown through the copy sheet or field emission from the copy sheet to the drum which would degrade the electrostatic image. The method enables a large number of copies to be produced from a single electrostatic image through repeated development and transfer.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording medium having an insulating base, a conductive layer on the base, and a dielectric layer on the conductive layer. The conductive layer is divided into a plurality of segments arranged in a direction in which recording electrodes are aligned with each other, so that when associated electrodes of all the arrays of recording electrodes on one side of the recording medium are selected in common with each other and one of complementary electrodes on the other side of the recording medium is selected, a discharge occurs only in the recording electrode disposed above the selected complementary electrode. Each conductive layer segment is formed with at least one conductive portion extending through the insulating resin base and capable of coming into contact with one of the complementary electrodes.

Abstract: In the process and apparatus, the first copy is made from an original document to be copied or from an image information fed to the apparatus in the form of input signals and, from the second copy on, copies are made from the respective preceding copies before the respective preceding copies are discharged from the apparatus until a desired number of identical copies are obtained.