Abstract: An x-ray fluorescence system and method of fabrication are provided which include a titanium x-ray source, a focusing, doubly-curved lithium fluoride (LiF) crystal optic, and a detector. The titanium x-ray source includes a titanium target on which electrons impinge to generate a diverging x-ray beam with a titanium-based characteristic energy, and the focusing, doubly-curved LiF crystal optic monochromates and focuses the diverging x-ray beam from the titanium x-ray source to provide a monochromated and focused x-ray excitation beam directed to impinge on a sample. The crystal optic and the titanium x-ray source operate at a Bragg angle which facilitates polarization within the x-ray fluorescence system. The detector receives fluorescence from the sample induced by the x-ray excitation beam impinging thereon, with the fluorescence is indicative of a concentration of at least one element in the sample.

Abstract: An x-ray source assembly includes an anode stack including a source spot upon which electrons impinge with power being supplied to the assembly, and a control system to facilitate maintaining intensity of output x-rays from the x-ray source assembly during operation. The control system is configured to actively control temperature of the anode stack relative to a setpoint or defined setpoint range. The control system heats the anode stack in a heating mode, when an anode stack temperature is below the setpoint or defined setpoint range, and switches to a cooling mode to cool the anode stack when the anode stack temperature rises above the setpoint or defined setpoint range.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing the monolithic capillary X-ray lens, comprising the steps of Drawing a hollow glass raw-tube into monocapillaries in a heating furnace by a drawing tower; Stacking monocapillaries into a symmetric mould to form a multibundle; Feeding the multibundle into the heating furnace to be heated at uniform speed or variable speed; Drawing the multibundle by a drawing tower at uniform speed and variable speed to form a first integrated lens billet; Cutting the monolithic lens billet into desired shape according to usage to form said first monolithic capillary X-ray lens. A monolithic capillary X-ray lens produced by using said method comprises a plurality of X-ray channels passing from one end through another end, and is a single glass solid formed by melting together the walls themselves of said X-ray channels.