Abstract: A pressure reactor for treating a sample fluid includes an oven, a sample line partly arranged in the oven, and a pressure line arranged in surrounding relation to the sample line and partly arranged in the oven. The sample line has an outlet opening into the pressure line. A contamination blocking apparatus is disposed in the pressure line for forming a contamination barrier which has at least one section arranged between the outlet opening and the oven and which delimits a contamination-free region in the pressure line. The outlet opening of the sample line is arranged in the contamination-free region of the pressure line.

Abstract: The present invention refers to an apparatus for carrying out wet chemical reactions under pressure comprising a pressure sure vessel in which a reaction liquid can be provided and which is adapted to be sealed in a pressure-tight manner by closure means. When the reaction liquid is heated, the pressure in the interior of the pressure vessel will increase; the stressability limit of the pressure vessel must, however, not be exceeded. The total pressure in the interior is composed of the partial pressures of the reaction liquid and of the reaction products. The reaction liquid must be maintained at so low a temperature that the sum of the partial pressures of the reaction liquid and of the gaseous reaction products does not exceed the maximum load value of the pressure vessel. For achieving a wet chemical reaction which is as fast and as efficient as possible, the highest possible temperature of the reaction liquid is, however, required.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for analyzing gaseous samples comprising a device for generating a plasma, a feeding device for the sample to be analyzed and at least one detector unit which in particular comprises at least one interference filter, a lens arrangement and a photodetector for detecting radiation, especially atomic emission or molecular emission, emitted by the sample to be analyzed. According to the invention, said device for generating the plasma is made up of two in particular ring- or disk-shaped parallel, interspaced electrodes, wherein each electrode has one essentially centrical, especially circular through-opening, and an isolator positioned between said electrodes, said isolator having a particularly circular through-opening for confining the plasma. In addition the invention provides for an optical unit, in particular a collimator lens, to be placed between said device for generating the plasma and the detector unit for forming a parallel ray beam.

Abstract: In a process for triggering and/or carrying out chemical reactions by irradiating starting materials and, in particular, liquid starting materials with short-wave electromagnetic radiation emitted from at least one substance sending out short-wave electromagnetic radiation upon irradiation and excitation with long-wave electromagnetic radiation under operating conditions, the short-wave electromagnetic radiation is generated in a closed vessel arranged within the starting materials and containing the short-wave electromagnetic radiation emitting substance.