Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus including aluminum alloy vessel, the vessel including aluminum in combination with a gettering metal and a method for making such apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus including a magnesium alloy vessel substantially free of aluminum and zinc, with the vessel having a hollow interior cavity containing a working fluid, wherein the improvement includes the formation of a stable, protective layer on the inside wall of the vessel, the layer establishing compatibility with the working fluid and preventing base metal corrosion by the working fluid, the vessel including magnesium in combination with a gettering metal.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus including a magnesium alloy vessel that is substantially free of aluminum and zinc, but including magnesium in combination with a gettering metal and a method for making such apparatus. The magnesium alloy vessel has a hollow interior cavity containing a working fluid, with a stable, protective layer formed on the inside wall of the vessel so as to establish non-corrosive compatibility with the working fluid.

Abstract: A heat pipe assembly comprises a first heat pipe having a condenser and a working fluid. A reservoir communicates with the condenser of the first heat pipe and contains a non-condensable gas which variably permits access of the working fluid to the condenser of the first heat pipe, depending on a pressure of the working fluid. A second heat pipe has an evaporator. At least a portion of the evaporator of the second heat pipe is contained inside of the condenser of the first heat pipe.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus including a magnesium alloy vessel that is substantially free of aluminum and zinc, but including magnesium in combination with a gettering metal. The magnesium alloy vessel has a hollow interior cavity containing a working fluid, with a stable, protective layer formed on the inside wall of the vessel so as to establish non-corrosive compatibility with the working fluid.

Abstract: A heat transfer loop system includes a primary passive two-phase flow segment with an evaporator, a condenser and a liquid reservoir, and a secondary actively pumped liquid flow segment in which the liquid in the reservoir is drawn by a liquid pump into the evaporator, where a portion of the liquid is vaporized by the heat input and moves into the primary segment while the excess liquid is pumped back to the reservoir. The evaporator consists of a porous wick and one or more liquid arteries encased in the porous wick. The liquid arteries have porous walls to allow liquid phase working fluid to flow into the surrounding porous wick. The liquid arteries have porous walls to allow liquid phase working fluid to flow into the surrounding porous wick. The excess liquid continues to move through the arteries and eventually out of the evaporator and into the reservoir. The porous wick provides sufficient capillary force to separate the liquid inside the arteries and the vapor in the evaporator.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus including a magnesium alloy vessel substantially free of aluminum and zinc, with the vessel having a hollow interior cavity containing a working fluid, wherein the improvement includes the formation of a stable, protective layer on the inside wall of the vessel, the layer establishing compatibility with the working fluid and preventing base metal corrosion by the working fluid, the vessel including magnesium in combination with a gettering metal.

Abstract: A heat pipe assembly comprises a first heat pipe having a condenser and a working fluid. A reservoir communicates with the condenser of the first heat pipe and contains a non-condensable gas which variably permits access of the working fluid to the condenser of the first heat pipe, depending on a pressure of the working fluid. A second heat pipe has an evaporator. At least a portion of the evaporator of the second heat pipe is contained inside of the condenser of the first heat pipe.

Abstract: A heat pipe assembly comprises a first heat pipe having a condenser and a working fluid. A reservoir communicates with the condenser of the first heat pipe and contains a non-condensable gas which variably permits access of the working fluid to the condenser of the first heat pipe, depending on a pressure of the working fluid. A second heat pipe has an evaporator. At least a portion of the evaporator of the second heat pipe is contained inside of the condenser of the first heat pipe.

Abstract: A heat pipe assembly comprises a first heat pipe having a condenser and a working fluid. A reservoir communicates with the condenser of the first heat pipe and contains a non-condensable gas which variably permits access of the working fluid to the condenser of the first heat pipe, depending on a pressure of the working fluid. A second heat pipe has an evaporator. At least a portion of the evaporator of the second heat pipe is contained inside of the condenser of the first heat pipe.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus including a magnesium alloy vessel substantially free of aluminum and zinc, with the vessel having a hollow interior cavity containing a working fluid, wherein the improvement includes the formation of a stable, protective layer on the inside wall of the vessel, the layer establishing compatibility with the working fluid and preventing base metal corrosion by the working fluid, the vessel including magnesium in combination with a gettering metal.

Abstract: The apparatus is a loop heat pipe with the heat input above the heat output, so that the loop heat pipe is used to cool a transformer or equipment enclosure above ground with the condenser located and the heat being dissipated in the ground below the location at which the heat is being generated. One embodiment uses a coiled pipe for a condenser and buries it in the ground encased in concrete. Another embodiment of the invention is used to cool a diesel electric locomotive by placing the condenser below the engine and attaching multiple cooling fins to it.

Abstract: The apparatus is an x-ray tube which generates collimated x-rays. The x-ray tube anode has an x-ray generating structure which is a single crystal, so that regardless of their locations of origin all the x-ray beams leave the structure at the same limited few angles. With the structure formed as a curve, one set of beams converges at the focal point of the curve, and with the structure flat, the beams illuminate an area with parallel, collimated, x-ray beams.