Abstract: Disclosed is a medical device to treat diabetes. The medical device includes a bolus calculator to determine an insulin bolus based on, at least in part, a glycemic index value associated with an intake to be consumed by a user, the bolus calculator further adapted to determine the insulin bolus using one or more inputs selected from the group consisting of carbohydrate load of the intake, current glucose level of the user, residual insulin of the user, carbohydrate to insulin ratio, insulin sensitivity of the user and target glucose level of the user. The bolus calculator is housed in one or more of, for example, an insulin dispensing pump, a handheld remote control unit for an insulin dispensing pump and/or a handheld glucose monitor.

Abstract: A system for continuous monitoring of body analytes and controlling delivery of fluids to a body of a user. The system includes a sensing apparatus configured to detect concentration level of analyte in the body of the user using optical means and a dispensing apparatus configured to infuse fluid into the body of the user based on the detected concentration level of analyte.

Abstract: Devices, apparatuses and methods for controlling blood-glucose levels during exercise are described. For example, an insulin infusion apparatus can include a control module to regulate a rate of therapeutic fluid release into a body of a patient based on a determined therapeutic fluid requirement profile, and a dispensing unit to release therapeutic fluid at the regulated rate. The methods and devices can be implemented by receiving a first value corresponding to a first glucose concentration before an exercise activity of a user; receiving a second value corresponding to a second glucose concentration after the exercise activity for the user; determining a glucose concentration change based on a difference between the second value and the first value; modifying a basal rate based on a comparison of the glucose concentration change with a predetermined threshold value; and, recording the modified basal rate in a computer-readable memory device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a glucose monitoring system. The system includes a glucose sensor to periodically perform a plurality of glucose measurements in interstitial fluid, and a processor to determine one or more HbA1c values representative of a patient's glycosylated hemoglobin levels based on the periodic glucose measurements. In some embodiments, the glucose sensor is coupled to a therapeutic fluid (e.g., insulin) dispensing pump.

Abstract: Methods, systems and devices for preventing diabetic complications are provided. In some embodiments, methods, systems and devices can be implemented using at least one subcutaneously insertable element, the element having a proximal portion and a distal portion, the proximal portion coupled to the housing, the distal portion configured for subcutaneous placement within a human body; a plurality of electrodes coupled to the distal portion of the at least one subcutaneously insertable element; and, a processor adapted to correlate a signal received from the plurality of electrodes to a concentration of ketone in the human body.

Abstract: Methods, systems and devices for assessing residual insulin time of a patient are provided. In one embodiment, the method and the device can be implemented by receiving a confirmation that an insulin dose has been administered to the patient; repetitively receiving a value corresponding to the patient's blood glucose level; identifying at least two consecutively received values based on a predetermined criteria; and, selecting the residual insulin time corresponding to a time period between the confirmation that the insulin dose has been administered and a time corresponding to the identification of the at least two consecutively received values.

Abstract: A system and a method for delivering fluid to and sensing analyte levels in the body of the patient are disclosed. The system includes a dispensing apparatus configured to infuse fluid into the body of the patient and a sensing apparatus configured to be in communication with the dispensing apparatus and further configured to detect a level of analyte concentration in the body of the patient upon diffusion of the analyte into the fluid to be dispensed by the dispensing apparatus.

Abstract: Delivery of more than one therapeutic fluid as a means to control symptoms of a health conditions is disclosed. More than one therapeutic fluid may be dispensed from more than one reservoir and delivered to a user's body via one or more cannula that penetrate the skin. The therapeutic fluids may be delivered by action of one or more pumping mechanisms that may be controlled by a processor in a portable, ambulatory device. The therapeutic fluids may optionally be insulin and one or more of an amylin analog, pramlintide acetate and an exenatide, and the health condition may optionally be diabetes.

Abstract: Techniques and devices are described for allowing a diabetes patient to safely disconnect an insulin infusion system device for a time period. In one aspect, the techniques and devices can be implemented by receiving a maximum glucose amount, a minimum glucose amount, and a contemplated disconnection time; receiving a current glucose amount of the user; determining an expected increase in glucose of the user based on the contemplated disconnection time, an insulin sensitivity of the user and a contemplated basal insulin dose; validating the contemplated disconnection time based on at least one of the expected increase in glucose, the maximum glucose amount, and the minimum glucose amount; and, administering a therapeutic action to the user based on the validation of the contemplated disconnection time.

Abstract: A device and a method are provided that can be used for prevention of hypoglycemia. In one aspect, a device and a method for prevention of hypoglycemia can comprise receiving a target blood glucose (TBG) level corresponding to a desired level of glucose in a patient's body during a fasting time period; receiving a bedtime blood glucose (BBG) level corresponding to the level of glucose in the patient's body substantially at the beginning of the fasting time period; receiving a first set of parameters corresponding to a medical state of the patient; providing the levels of the TBG, BBG and the medical state of the patent to a therapeutic course of action determining means; and, providing means for administering the therapeutic course of action to the patient.

Abstract: A system and a method for determining an assessed carbohydrate to insulin ratio of a patient is described. The system and the method can comprise a memory component adapted for storing an initial set of values comprising at least one of a blood glucose level, a target blood glucose level, an insulin sensitivity, and, an estimated carbohydrate to insulin ratio. The system and the method can also comprise a bolus selection component adapted for selecting a test bolus corresponding to the determined initial set of values and a planned meal. In one implementation, the bolus selection component can receive bolus dose input from a user. In another implementation, the bolus selection component can estimate the bolus dose using a set of available inputs (e.g. the amount of carbohydrates in the planned meal). The system and the method can further comprise a user interface component adapted for receiving a confirmation that the test bolus has been administered to the patient.

Abstract: A method and a system for determining insulin sensitivity (IS) is described. In one aspect the method and the system can be implemented by receiving a first parameter corresponding to an insulin dose in a subcutaneous tissue; applying a first kinetic model to obtain a plasma insulin concentration based on the first parameter; receiving a second parameter corresponding to a plasma glucose concentration; determining the insulin sensitivity (IS) based on the plasma insulin concentration and the second parameter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system to deliver insulin to a user's body. The system includes a dispensing unit to deliver the insulin to the body, and a control mechanism to control delivery of basal insulin according to a predetermined basal infusion pattern, the basal infusion pattern selected from a plurality of predetermined basal infusion patterns. In some embodiments, selection of the basal infusion pattern may be based on one or more personal characteristics of the user.

Abstract: A volume of an analyte-enriched fluid can be withdrawn out of a user's subcutaneous compartment using a patch unit that includes a reversible pumping mechanism. The volume can be withdrawn out of the body and into the patch unit through a cannula inserted into the subcutaneous compartment so that an analyte concentration in the volume can be measured using a sensing element within the patch unit. After analyte concentration analysis, at least the volume can be delivered back into the subcutaneous compartment by operating the pumping mechanism in a forward direction. biologically compatible fluid can optionally be pumped into the subcutaneous compartment from a reservoir in the patch unit and then allowed to partially or completely equilibrate with the analyte concentration in the interstitial fluid of the subcutaneous compartment via a permeable or semi-permeable cannula surface before being drawn back into the patch unit for analysis. Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for selecting a bolus dose of a drug in a drug delivery device is disclosed. The method comprises selecting the bolus dose from a pre-determined schedule of bolus doses, wherein each dose corresponds to a range of a body analyte levels.

Abstract: One or more therapeutic fluids, such as for example insulin can be delivered to a body. In addition or alternatively, the concentrations of one or more analytes can be measured in vivo. A feedback process can be used to regulate levels of the one or more analytes based on the measurements via delivery of the one or more therapeutic fluids. Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.