Abstract: Provided is a pedo-transfer function (PTF)-based method for predicting a target soil property. Based on the collection of a multi-source soil dataset and environmental variables, a dataset containing all measured information is divided. Second-level regions are obtained by zoning according to the spatial variation in soil properties. An optimal independent variable set of PTFs in different regions is obtained by screening. Then, linear fitting and nonlinear fitting of the PTFs are performed for different zones separately. By comparing the accuracy of different functions between different zones, optimal PTFs oriented toward sampling sites are selected, so as to build a database including soil sampling sites. Further, regional independent variable layers are constructed by means of machine learning, to establish region-oriented PTFs; and a spatial distribution map of the target soil property and content for a target region is produced.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method for predictive soil mapping based on solar radiation in large flat area, comprising: Step 1, capturing the response process of the earth's surface heat: after an observation day or an observation period is selected, a curve graph depicting a dynamic response of the surface heat to solar radiation captured by using a remote sensor of a moderate-resolution imaging spectrometer; Step 2, constructing environmental covariates: quantitative analysis is performed for the dynamic response curve graph obtained in Step 1 by a mathematical method, and characteristic parameters are extracted and taken as environmental covariates; and Step 3: a machine learning model is established for the predictive soil attribute mapping. This method solves the challenge of effective soil mapping in flat areas, significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of predictive soil mapping in flat areas, reduces the cost in time and economy of soil survey mapping.

Abstract: Provided is a pedo-transfer function (PTF)-based method for predicting a target soil property. Based on the collection of a multi-source soil dataset and environmental variables, a dataset containing all measured information is divided. Second-level regions are obtained by zoning according to the spatial variation in soil properties. An optimal independent variable set of PTFs in different regions is obtained by screening. Then, linear fitting and nonlinear fitting of the PTFs are performed for different zones separately. By comparing the accuracy of different functions between different zones, optimal PTFs oriented toward sampling sites are selected, so as to build a database including soil sampling sites. Further, regional independent variable layers are constructed by means of machine learning, to establish region-oriented PTFs; and a spatial distribution map of the target soil property and content for a target region is produced.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method for predictive soil mapping based on solar radiation in large flat area, comprising: Step 1, capturing the response process of the earth's surface heat: after an observation day or an observation period is selected, a curve graph depicting a dynamic response of the surface heat to solar radiation captured by using a remote sensor of a moderate-resolution imaging spectrometer; Step 2, constructing environmental covariates: quantitative analysis is performed for the dynamic response curve graph obtained in Step 1 by a mathematical method, and characteristic parameters are extracted and taken as environmental covariates; and Step 3: a machine learning model is established for the predictive soil attribute mapping. This method solves the challenge of effective soil mapping in flat areas, significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of predictive soil mapping in flat areas, reduces the cost in time and economy of soil survey mapping.

Abstract: A method for roof drainage for reducing urban waterlogging, the method including: arranging a drainage device on a roof, the drainage device including a drainage exit and a drainage pipe including a wall; increasing the height of the drainage exit to allow the drainage exit to be between 5 and 10 cm higher than the roof; arranging a water outlet hole having a drainage capacity on the wall of the drainage pipe at a position that has the same height as the roof or is lower than the roof; disposing a siphon including an inlet and an outlet on an upper part of the drainage pipe, allowing the inlet to face the roof, and allowing the outlet to extend into the drainage pipe; and disposing a ball cock mechanism on the wall of the drainage wall to control the water outlet hole to open or close.

Abstract: A rainwater head, including: a dome, a drainage pipe, a siphon, and a ball cock mechanism. The drainage pipe includes a drainage exit and a wall including a water outlet hole. The ball cock mechanism includes a floating ball, a connecting bar, a fulcrum, and a stopper. The drainage pipe is connected to the lower part of the dome. The drainage exit is arranged on the top of the drainage pipe. The drainage exit is adapted to be between 5 and 10 cm higher than the roof. The water outlet hole is arranged on the wall of the drainage pipe at a position having the same height as the roof or is lower than the roof. The siphon is disposed on the upper part of the drainage pipe. The inlet of the siphon faces the roof; and the outlet of the siphon extends inside the drainage pipe.