Abstract: A method is disclosed for forming sheet metal articles, such as automotive body panels, having significant curvatures in front-to-back and side-to-side directions. Opposing, complementary, preforming and final shape forming tools are used in a single press. A sheet of superplastically or quick plastically formable sheet metal alloy, heated to a forming temperature, is first stretched against the preform tool using pressurized gas to form a preform that has experienced most of the metal stretching required for the final part shape. The preform is removed from the preform tool and formed against the opposing tool with pressurized gas to obtain the final sheet metal part shape.

Abstract: A bending apparatus for bending and transporting an aluminum metal sheet. The bending apparatus includes a central retaining portion that has gripping elements mounted on the central retaining portion for retaining an aluminum metal sheet. There is also included a bending mechanism that is mounted to the central retaining portion. The bending mechanism is capable of axial movement in relation to a central axis of the central retaining portion for imparting a curvature to an aluminum metal sheet.

Abstract: A device is provided comprising a guide mechanism used to position and securely hold a sheet metal blank in a sheet metal forming press that is operated at high temperatures. A sheet metal blank is initially positioned in the forming press by resting the sheet metal blank on the highest portion of the convex surface of the lower tool member and counter balancing it with a blank loading device that includes a support hand to initially hold the blank. The guide apparatus comprises an engagement tool mounted to a beam that is slidably attached to guide supports. As the upper tool member drops, the engagement tool pinches and securely holds the sheet metal blank as the guide supports slide along the beam in sync with the downward movement of the upper tool member.

Abstract: A device is provided comprising a guide mechanism used to position and securely hold a sheet metal blank in a sheet metal forming press that is operated at high temperatures. A sheet metal blank is initially positioned in the forming press by resting the sheet metal blank on the highest portion of the convex surface of the lower tool member and counter balancing it with a blank loading device that includes a support hand to initially hold the blank. The guide apparatus comprises an engagement tool mounted to a beam that is slidably attached to guide supports. As the upper tool member drops, the engagement tool pinches and securely holds the sheet metal blank as the guide supports slide along the beam in sync with the downward movement of the upper tool member.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for loading and positioning a sheet metal blank between upper and lower tool members adapted to close and engage the blank for the purpose of preforming and heating it in preparation for a superplastic forming operation. The loading device comprises a supported horizontal shaft carrying a rotatable counterbalanced arm with a pad on the arm for use in positioning a corner or edge of the blank. In the operation of the device: (a) the arm is balanced with a suitable counterweight for initially supporting and positioning the blank between the open tools, (b) the arm and its pad rotates downwardly with the blank as the tools are closed drawing the blank between them, (c) the rotating arm and pad release the blank as it is withdrawn from their reach, and (d) the unloaded arm and pad are returned to their initial position by the counter balance.

Abstract: An insulating liner for use in an exhaust port of an internal combustion engine or the like consisting, in a preferred embodiment, of a formed thin wall tubular body of rigidized fibrous ceramic such as fibrous alumina-silica material (Fiberfrax) with an abrasion resistant ceramic coating fused onto the inner gas-exposed surface of the body. The coating comprises a mixture of fused silica cement and fine glass frit sintered in place on the body inner surface at a temperature below that which would damage the thin walls of the body.