Abstract: High purity metal oxide products and byproduct hydrogen are manufactured by immersing sacrificial electrodes, formed of the metal moiety of the metal oxide product, in water and striking an electrical arc between the electrodes. The metal oxide product and hydrogen are formed at the electrical arc plasma zone between the electrodes.

Abstract: Inverted and noninverted representative dial pulse signals are coupled to associated semiconductor diodes which are connected to opposite sides of a first timing capacitor, each side of the first capacitor being connected through a different associated timing resistor to a supply voltage and connected to an input of an associated NOR-gate. The output of each NOR-gate is coupled to an input of the other NOR-gate. A corrected dial pulse signal is the output signal of one NOR-gate. This output signal is also coupled through the series combination of a second timing capacitor and associated timing resistor to the supply voltage and through the second capacitor and an inverter to another input of the one NOR-gate. A corrected dial pulse signal with a corrected break pulse interval is not produced for an input dial pulse signal having a break pulse interval with a duration of less than a first time interval which is set by the first capacitor, an associated resistor, and the threshold level of the one NOR-gate.

Abstract: A time division multiplex system includes a status channel as well as a plurality of information channels and a frame synchronization channel in each frame. A submultiplexer combines a "winking" framing pulse with four different status signals to derive a four-state code. One state of the code contains a "winking" submultiplexer framing signal, and the other states transmit status information to control system alarm and restoral conditions.