Abstract: Processes of and systems for removing free bromine from gaseous anhydrous HBr contaminated with free bromine are described. In one type of process the gaseous contaminated HBr is fed into countercurrent contact with at least one liquid alkylaromatic hydrocarbon within a packed section of a column while maintaining the packed section under free radical bromination conditions so that one or more than one liquid a-bromoalkylaromatic compound is produced along with one mole of gaseous HBr per mole of a-bromoalkylaromatic compound produced. In another type of process the gaseous anhydrous HBr is fed into countercurrent contact through at least two scrubbers so that the gaseous anhydrous HBr is scrubbed substantially free of bromine by passage through these at least two scrubbers, each of which contains a different specified type of scrubbing liquid. In one embodiment the liquid alkylaromatic hydrocarbon comprises 1,2-diphenylethane.

Abstract: Processes of and systems for removing free bromine from gaseous anhydrous HBr contaminated with free bromine are described. In one type of process the gaseous contaminated HBr is fed into countercurrent contact with at least one liquid alkylaromatic hydrocarbon within a packed section of a column while maintaining the packed section under free radical bromination conditions so that one or more than one liquid a-bromoalkylaromatic compound is produced along with one mole of gaseous HBr per mole of a-bromoalkylaromatic compound produced. In another type of process the gaseous anhydrous HBr is fed into countercurrent contact through at least two scrubbers so that the gaseous anhydrous HBr is scrubbed substantially free of bromine by passage through these at least two scrubbers, each of which contains a different specified type of scrubbing liquid. In one embodiment the liquid alkylaromatic hydrocarbon comprises 1,2-diphenylethane.

Abstract: A new, highly selective way of removing bromine contamination from a gaseous stream comprised of hydrogen bromide and bromine is described. Such process technology involves non-catalyzed free radical (benzylic) bromination of an alkylene-bridged aromatic hydrocarbon and/or certain alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons and recovering the purified gaseous HBr. Because of the high selectivity of the bromination on the aliphatic bridges or side-chains, virtually no ring bromination occurs, and this enables recovery of the bromine values in the form of HBr. Thus preferably, the bromine is recovered as HBr from the scrubbing liquid by subjecting the scrubbing liquid to thermal or catalytic dehyrobromination. In plant operations, the gaseous HBr purified in the process can then be introduced into a compressor to produce either liquid or gaseous HBr for storage under pressure. Alternatively, the purified gaseous HBr can be fed directly into one or more reactions in which HBr is used as a reactant.

Abstract: Bisphenol-A-bis(neopentylglycolphosphate) products of enhanced properties and processes for preparing them are described. One of the processes includes (a) mixing and reacting neopentyl glycol and bisphenol-A-bis(dichlorophosphate) in an inert polar organic solvent which (1) if mixed by itself with an equal volume of water at 25° C., will form a separate phase, (2) the solvent by itself will dissolve at least about 10 wt % of bisphenol-A-bis(neopentylglycolphosphate) at a temperature in the range of 25 to 50° C., and optionally but preferably (3) the solvent by itself can be completely vaporized at a temperature below about 180° C.; (b) washing bisphenol-A-bis(neopentylglycolphosphate) product formed in a) while dissolved in inert organic solvent having such characteristics at least once with an aqueous alkaline washing solution; and (c) optionally but preferably, recovering bisphenol-A-bis(neopentylglycolphosphate) product from organic solvent having such characteristics.

Abstract: A database of information stored in a fixed medium, and a method for creating and managing such a database, the database comprising: a set of tangible data elements, the tangible data elements representing things which have physical weight and can cause an effect; a set of intangible data elements, the intangible data elements representing words and concepts which have no physical weight and cannot be weighed; the set of intangible data elements including a first subset of effect data elements (16), the effect data elements representing verbs standing alone and in combination with other words, which describe actions, objectives, results, missions, and procedures and processes; and, the set of intangible data elements including a second subset of descriptive data elements (18), the descriptive data elements describing the tangible data elements, the effect data elements and degrees of performance of the tangible data elements.

Abstract: A process is described for preventing plugging of distillation equipment when the distillable liquid comprises a mixture of different liquids containing a dissolved substance tending to precipitate from the distillate. An adjuvant is provided to the mixture to be distilled, which adjuvant forms a composition with the dissolved substance that, if isolated, melts at a lower temperature than the distillation temperature.

Abstract: A database of information stored in a fixed medium, and a method for creating and managing such a database, the database comprising: a set of tangible data elements, the tangible data elements representing things which have physical weight and can cause an effect; a set of intangible data elements, the intangible data elements representing words and concepts which have no physical weight and cannot be weighed; the set of intangible data elements including a first subset of effect data elements (16), the effect data elements representing verbs standing alone and in combination with other words, which describe actions, objectives, results, missions, combination with other words, which describe actions, objectives, results, missions, and procedures and processes; and, the set of intangible data elements including a second subset of descriptive data elements (18), the descriptive data elements describing the tangible data elements, the effect data elements and degrees of performance of the tangible data elements.

Abstract: A database of information stored in a fixed medium, and a method for creating and managing such a database, the database comprising: a set of tangible data elements, the tangible data elements representing things which have physical weight and can cause an effect; a set of intangible data elements, the intangible data elements representing words and concepts which have no physical weight and cannot be weighed; the set of intangible data elements including a first subset of effect data elements (16), the effect data elements representing verbs standing alone and in combination with other words, which describe actions, objectives, results, missions, and procedures and processes; and, the set of intangible data elements including a second subset of descriptive data elements (18), the descriptive data elements describing the tangible data elements, the effect data elements and degrees of performance of the tangible data elements.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing a flame retardant product predominant in tetrabromobisphenol-A. The process comprises: (a) dissolving bisphenol-A in a methanol solvent containing up to about 5 weight percent water, wherein the ratio of methanol to bisphenol-A ranges from about 25 to about 43 moles of methanol per mole of bisphenol-A based on the total amount of methanol used and the total amount of bisphenol-A to be brominated; (b) adding to the solution in (a) from about 3.9 to about 4.2 moles of bromine per mole of bisphenol-A to be brominated while maintaining a reaction temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. to about 40.degree. C.; (c) after the bromination is substantially complete, adding water to precipitate the tetrabromobisphenol-A thus formed; and (d) purifying the precipitated tetrabromobisphenol-A so as to obtain a product predominant in tetrabromobisphenol-A containing less than about 20 ppm total ionic impurity.

Abstract: The quality of a product predominant in tetrabromobisphenol-A is enhanced by contacting the product with a quality enhancing amount of treated water and heat treating the product for a period of time and at a temperature which are sufficient to obtain a TBBPA predominant product having less than about 20 ppm of ionic impurities.