Abstract: Process control systems for operating process plants are disclosed herein. The process control systems include control modules that are decoupled from the I/O architecture of the process plants using signal objects or generic shadow blocks. This decoupling is effected by using the signal objects or generic shadow blocks to manage at least part of the communication between the control modules and the field devices. Signal objects may convert between protocols used by control modules and field devices, thus decoupling the control modules from the I/O architecture. Generic shadow blocks may be automatically configured to mimic the operation of field devices within a controller executing the control modules, thus partially decoupling the control modules from the I/O architecture by using the shadow blocks to manage communication between the control modules and the field devices.

Abstract: An aircraft includes an airframe, an extending tail, a counter rotating, coaxial main rotor assembly including an upper rotor assembly and a lower rotor assembly, and a translational thrust system positioned at the extending tail. The translational thrust system provides translational thrust to the airframe. An upper hub fairing is positioned at the upper rotor assembly. A lower hub fairing is positioned at the lower rotor assembly. A shaft fairing is disposed between the upper hub fairing and the lower hub fairing. The upper hub fairing is substantially sealed to the shaft fairing and the lower hub fairing is substantially sealed to the shaft fairing.

Abstract: Process control systems for operating process plants are disclosed herein. The process control systems include control modules that are decoupled from the I/O architecture of the process plants using signal objects or generic shadow blocks. This decoupling is effected by using the signal objects or generic shadow blocks to manage at least part of the communication between the control modules and the field devices. Signal objects may convert between protocols used by control modules and field devices, thus decoupling the control modules from the I/O architecture. Generic shadow blocks may be automatically configured to mimic the operation of field devices within a controller executing the control modules, thus partially decoupling the control modules from the I/O architecture by using the shadow blocks to manage communication between the control modules and the field devices.

Abstract: An aircraft includes an airframe, an extending tail, a counter rotating, coaxial main rotor assembly including an upper rotor assembly and a lower rotor assembly, and a translational thrust system positioned at the extending tail. The translational thrust system provides translational thrust to the airframe. An upper hub fairing is positioned at the upper rotor assembly. A lower hub fairing is positioned at the lower rotor assembly. A shaft fairing is disposed between the upper hub fairing and the lower hub fairing. The upper hub fairing is substantially sealed to the shaft fairing and the lower hub fairing is substantially sealed to the shaft fairing.

Abstract: Process control systems for operating process plants are disclosed herein. The process control systems include control modules that are decoupled from the I/O architecture of the process plants using signal objects or generic shadow blocks. This decoupling is effected by using the signal objects or generic shadow blocks to manage at least part of the communication between the control modules and the field devices. Signal objects may convert between protocols used by control modules and field devices, thus decoupling the control modules from the I/O architecture. Generic shadow blocks may be automatically configured to mimic the operation of field devices within a controller executing the control modules, thus partially decoupling the control modules from the I/O architecture by using the shadow blocks to manage communication between the control modules and the field devices.

Abstract: Techniques for controlling the operation of a process plant or several process plants within a process control system using a centralized or distributed controller farm allow for increased flexibility in the process control system. Any of the controllers in the controller farm may be utilized to execute modules corresponding to any of the field devices in one or several process plants. Control modules or other operations may be allocated amongst the controllers distributing the load so that one controller is not performing several operations while others are inactive. Additionally, the controller farm may be located in a temperature controlled room or area in an offsite location from the process plants. In some scenarios, load balancing techniques are performed to distribute the load for the modules equally or at least similarly amongst the controllers.

Abstract: Generic shadowing allows a shadowing device in a process plant to automatically discover, without pre-configuration or pre-definition, and without the use of a configuration tool, source control objects that are hosted at other devices and that are to be shadowed. Source control objects may utilize any data type, format, structure, language, etc. The shadowing device includes a shadow manager and a set of primitive components defining simple data types that are utilized to discover the configurations/definitions and data types of source control objects, and includes a shadow library in which signatures of discovered source control objects are stored. Signatures are instantiated and used by the shadowing device to provide dynamic data to recipient devices, applications, and/or control objects in the process control system, where the dynamic data is a mirror of data that is observed first-hand by the source control objects during their on-line operations at their host devices.

Abstract: A method for configuring a process control system includes coupling an I/O module to a PLC coupled to field devices. For each field device, the PLC has registers storing data of values associated with the field device. The PLC is configured such that each field device is associated with a PLC control tag, and each control tag is associated with tag parameters corresponding to the registers for the field device. The method includes configuring the I/O module to associate the tag parameters with corresponding controller parameters such that, for each control tag, there is a set of controller parameters associated with the tag parameters for the control tag. The method includes instantiating an integration object and associating the integration object with one of the control tags.

Abstract: A method for configuring a process control system includes coupling an I/O module to a PLC coupled to field devices. For each field device, the PLC has registers storing data of values associated with the field device. The PLC is configured such that each field device is associated with a PLC control tag, and each control tag is associated with tag parameters corresponding to the registers for the field device. The method includes configuring the I/O module to associate the tag parameters with corresponding controller parameters such that, for each control tag, there is a set of controller parameters associated with the tag parameters for the control tag. The method includes instantiating an integration object and associating the integration object with one of the control tags.

Abstract: Techniques for controlling the operation of a process plant or several process plants within a process control system using a centralized or distributed controller farm allow for increased flexibility in the process control system. Any of the controllers in the controller farm may be utilized to execute modules corresponding to any of the field devices in one or several process plants. Control modules or other operations may be allocated amongst the controllers distributing the load so that one controller is not performing several operations while others are inactive. Additionally, the controller farm may be located in a temperature controlled room or area in an offsite location from the process plants. In some scenarios, load balancing techniques are performed to distribute the load for the modules equally or at least similarly amongst the controllers.

Abstract: Generic shadowing allows a shadowing device in a process plant to automatically discover, without pre-configuration or pre-definition, and without the use of a configuration tool, source control objects that are hosted at other devices and that are to be shadowed. Source control objects may utilize any data type, format, structure, language, etc. The shadowing device includes a shadow manager and a set of primitive components defining simple data types that are utilized to discover the configurations/definitions and data types of source control objects, and includes a shadow library in which signatures of discovered source control objects are stored. Signatures are instantiated and used by the shadowing device to provide dynamic data to recipient devices, applications, and/or control objects in the process control system, where the dynamic data is a mirror of data that is observed first-hand by the source control objects during their on-line operations at their host devices.

Abstract: Process control systems for operating process plants are disclosed herein. The process control systems include control modules that are decoupled from the I/O architecture of the process plants using signal objects or generic shadow blocks. This decoupling is effected by using the signal objects or generic shadow blocks to manage at least part of the communication between the control modules and the field devices. Signal objects may convert between protocols used by control modules and field devices, thus decoupling the control modules from the I/O architecture. Generic shadow blocks may be automatically configured to mimic the operation of field devices within a controller executing the control modules, thus partially decoupling the control modules from the I/O architecture by using the shadow blocks to manage communication between the control modules and the field devices.

Abstract: An aircraft includes an airframe; an extending tail; a counter rotating, coaxial main rotor assembly including an upper rotor assembly and a lower rotor assembly; a translational thrust system positioned at the extending tail, the translational thrust system providing translational thrust to the airframe; an upper hub fairing positioned at the upper rotor assembly; a lower hub fairing positioned at the lower rotor assembly; and a shaft fairing disposed between the upper hub fairing and the lower hub fairing; wherein a geometry of at least one of the upper hub fairing and the lower hub fairing progressively blends from a circle to a series of curved elliptical surfaces in an inboard direction.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to configure process control systems based on generic process system libraries are disclosed. An example method includes instantiating an instance of a generic process system library. The instance is associated with items of equipment and corresponding process signals of a process control system. The generic process system library comprises at least one of generic process graphic data or generic control strategy data corresponding to the items of equipment and the corresponding process signals of the process control system. The example method further includes configuring the instance of the generic process system library by incorporating process-specific data associated with the operation of the process control system with the at least one of the generic process graphic data or the generic control strategy data.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to configure process control systems based on generic process system libraries are disclosed. An example method includes instantiating an instance of a generic process system library. The instance is associated with items of equipment and corresponding process signals of a process control system. The generic process system library comprises at least one of generic process graphic data or generic control strategy data corresponding to the items of equipment and the corresponding process signals of the process control system. The example method further includes configuring the instance of the generic process system library by incorporating process-specific data associated with the operation of the process control system with the at least one of the generic process graphic data or the generic control strategy data.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture to replace field devices in process control systems are disclosed. A disclosed example method includes recording, at a first process controller of a process control system, configuration data sent from a configuration subsystem of the process control system to a first field device to commission the first field device, detecting, at a second process controller of the process control system, replacement of the first field device with a second field device, and sending the recorded configuration data from the second process controller to the second field device when the replacement is detected to commission the second field device.

Abstract: Example methods and systems to verify a communication path between a field device and a process controller in a process control system are disclosed. A disclosed example method includes transmitting via a first wireless communication path to a first portion of a process control system associated with one of the field device or the process controller, a command signal from a verification controller. In response to receiving the command signal in the first portion of the process control system, transmitting a verification signal via a first wired communication path from the first portion of the process control system to a second portion of the process control system associated with the other one of the field device or the process controller.

Abstract: Example methods and apparatus to manage module run sequences in a process control environment are disclosed. A disclosed example method includes receiving a module including a plurality of function blocks, receiving an indication of a subset of the plurality of function blocks, and receiving an indication of a first sequence of execution for the subset, wherein the first sequence of execution is different than a second sequence of execution associated with the module. The example method also includes associating the subset with a run sequence identifier, and associating the run sequence identifier with a trigger condition.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture to replace field devices in process control systems are disclosed. A disclosed example method includes recording, at a first process controller of a process control system, configuration data sent from a configuration subsystem of the process control system to a first field device to commission the first field device, detecting, at a second process controller of the process control system, replacement of the first field device with a second field device, and sending the recorded configuration data from the second process controller to the second field device when the replacement is detected to commission the second field device.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for intrusion protection in safety instrumented process control systems are disclosed. An example method of protecting a safety instrumented system includes receiving legitimate information from a component of a process control system wherein the legitimate information is intended for delivery to a safety instrumented system, determining if a signature at least substantially matches the legitimate information, and preventing the legitimate information from reaching the safety instrumented system when it is determined that the signature at least substantially matches the legitimate information.