Abstract: An injector is disclosed for injecting an injectable substance into at least one of the epidermal tissue and the dermal tissue of a subject. The injector includes an outer housing and a control member disposed within the outer housing. A needle head, which is configured to support a plurality of needles, is operatively coupled to the control member. First means are provided in communication with the control member and are configured to be driven by the control member for converting a movement of the control member into a movement of the needle head along an injection direction and toward an injecting position of the needle head. Second means are configured to move the needle head in a direction having a component that is normal to the injection direction and absent movement of the outer housing relative to the skin of the subject.

Abstract: A process mass flow instrument for measuring the mass flow rate of a process fluid including a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, a flow passage connecting the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, a fluid flow sensor which provides a raw output signal corresponding to an unknown mass flow rate and a processor which contains an empirically derived conversion routine for converting the raw output signal to an adjusted signal indicating the mass flow rate of the process fluid. A method for determining an unknown mass flow using an empirically derived conversion function, the function being derived by correlating the output signals of a mass flow instrument sensing the flow of a calibration fluid with the output signals of the mass flow instrument sensing the flow of the process fluid.

Abstract: A process mass flow instrument for measuring the mass flow rate of a process fluid including a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, a flow passage connecting the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, a fluid flow sensor which provides a raw output signal corresponding to an unknown mass flow rate and a processor which contains an empirically derived conversion routine for converting the raw output signal to an adjusted signal indicating the mass flow rate of the process fluid. A method for determining an unknown mass flow using an empirically derived conversion function, the function being derived by correlating the output signals of a mass flow instrument sensing the flow of a calibration fluid with the output signals of the mass flow instrument sensing the flow of the process fluid.

Abstract: A flowmeter (100) or mass flow controller (101) used in a manufacturing process with toxic and reactive process fluids. A fluid flow sensor (114) senses fluid flow. A set point is established based upon predetermined temperature and pressure conditions at which the fluid will be utilized in the process. A valve drive (124) operates a fluid flow valve (126) to the resulting fluid flow rate, this being based upon the sensed flow rate and the set point. A control unit (122) controls the valve drive. The control unit accesses a calibration data set to determine the amount of fluid to be delivered by the fluid flow valve based upon the sensed flow rate and the set point. This calibration data set is created for the controller over its operational range using a calibration fluid having similar thermodynamic transport properties to a process fluid.