Abstract: The present invention relates to additives for reducing friction and wear in lubricants. In particular, the present invention relates to novel salts and their use in lubricating oil compositions for reducing friction and wear. In particular, the present invention relates to one or more ionic liquids, wherein the one or more ionic liquids comprise one or more cations and one or more Group 6 metal mononuclear metallate anions.

Abstract: A flow-field plate (101) for a polymer electrolyte membrane device such as an electrolyser or a fuel cell comprising an inlet on one side (102) of the plate and 5 an outlet (103) on the opposite side, a distribution array (110) including a plurality of linear channels (106), a first interface (104) between the inlet (102) and distribution array (110) and a second interface (105) between the distribution array (110) and the outlet (103), wherein each interface includes up to rn rows of baffles (107), where rn=the width of the interface hd divided by the baffle diameter hb, the 10 majority of the baffles in each row being set at a particular angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the linear channels (106).

Abstract: Copper sulfide of the formula CuxSy, wherein x and y are integer or non-integer values, wherein (i) the copper sulfide has a sulfur 2p XPS spectrum with peaks at 162.3 eV (±1 ev), 163.8 eV (±1 ev) and 68.5 eV (±1 ev), characterised in that the peak at 168.5 eV has a lower value of counts per second (CPS) than both the peak at 162.3 eV and the peak at 163.8 eV; and (ii) the copper sulfide has a copper 2p XPS spectrum with peaks at 932.0 eV (±2 ev) and 933.6 eV (±3 eV) and characterised in that the XPS spectrum does not comprise identifiable satellite peaks at 939.8 eV and 943.1 eV (±3 eV).

Abstract: The present invention relates to additives for reducing friction and wear in lubricants. In particular, the present invention relates to novel salts and their use in lubricating oil compositions for reducing friction and wear. In particular, the present invention relates to one or more ionic liquids, wherein the one or more ionic liquids comprise one or more cations and one or more Group 6 metal mononuclear metallate anions.

Abstract: A process for preparing a copper sulfide of the formula CuxSy, wherein the process comprises the following steps: (i) reacting an aqueous solution of a copper salt with a molar excess of a sulfiding agent so as to precipitate copper sulfide from the solution; (ii) isolating the copper sulfide precipitate from the reaction mixture; and (iii) drying the copper sulfide precipitate at a temperature of less than 100° C., wherein x and y are integer or non-integer values.

Abstract: A process for preparing a copper sulfide of the formula CuxSy, wherein the process comprises the following steps: (i) reacting an aqueous solution of a copper salt with a molar excess of a sulfiding agent so as to precipitate copper sulfide from the solution; (ii) isolating the copper sulfide precipitate from the reaction mixture; and (iii) drying the copper sulfide precipitate at a temperature of less than 100° C., wherein x and y are integer or non-integer values.

Abstract: Copper sulfide of the formula CuxSy, wherein x and y are integer or non-integer values, wherein (i) the copper sulfide has a sulfur 2p XPS spectrum with peaks at 162.3 eV (±1 ev), 163.8 eV (±1 ev) and 68.5 eV (±1 ev), characterised in that the peak at 168.5 eV has a lower value of counts per second (CPS) than both the peak at 162.3 eV and the peak at 163.8 eV; and (ii) the copper sulfide has a copper 2p XPS spectrum with peaks at 932.0 eV (±2ev) and 933.6 eV (±3eV) and characterised in that the XPS spectrum does not comprise identifiable satellite peaks at 939.8 eV and 943.1 eV (±3 eV).

Abstract: Mercury is removed from a mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed by utilizing ionic liquids. The mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed is contacted with a metallate salt immobilized on a solid support material. A hydrocarbon fluid product having a reduced mercury content compared to the mercury-containing fluid feed is separated from the ionic liquid.

Abstract: Mercury is removed from a mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed by utilizing ionic liquids. The mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed is contacted with a metallate salt immobilized on a solid support material. A hydrocarbon fluid product having a reduced mercury content compared to the mercury-containing fluid feed is separated from the ionic liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the removal of mercury from a mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed using specifically selected ionic liquids comprising, contacting the mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed with an ionic liquid having the formula [Cat+][M+][X?] and separating from the ionic liquid a hydrocarbon fluid product having a reduced mercury content compared to the mercury-containing fluid feed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the removal of mercury from a mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed using specifically selected ionic liquids comprising, contacting the mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed with an ionic liquid having the formula [Cat+][M+][X?] and separating from the ionic liquid a hydrocarbon fluid product having a reduced mercury content compared to the mercury-containing fluid feed.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a knock control and a device for knock control of an internal combustion engine are provided, in which digital knock data are obtained for the knock control in that the acquisition of data of a knock sensor, converted from analog to digital, is started at a start angle of the internal combustion engine and ended at an end angle. The digital knock data are evaluated so as to detect a malfunction in the acquisition of the digital knock data.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a knock control and a device for knock control of an internal combustion engine are provided, in which digital knock data are obtained for the knock control in that the acquisition of data of a knock sensor, converted from analog to digital, is started at a start angle of the internal combustion engine and ended at an end angle. The digital knock data are evaluated so as to detect a malfunction in the acquisition of the digital knock data.