Abstract: A manhole cover system (10) for sealing manholes to minimize water infiltration includes a manhole cover (12) re-movably inserted into a manhole cover frame (14) having a compressible gasket (28) attached thereto. Manhole cover (12) includes a base (16) and a peripheral rim (18). Peripheral rim (18) includes a cover outer peripheral surface (20) and a horizontal cover seat (22). Manhole cover frame (14) includes a frame cover restraint wall (24) and a frame seat (26). During assembly, peripheral rim (18) is removably seated on frame seat (26) of manhole cover frame (14). Compressible gasket (28) forms a seal within a vertical clearance space (32) between cover outer peripheral surface (20) and frame cover restraint wall (24).

Abstract: A system for identifying sources of external fluid infiltrating or leaking into a sanitary sewer system. An apparatus applies a substantially uniform coating to the surface of inner walls of a portion of the sewer system. The system also includes means for observing and recording the initial condition of the coated surface, means for observing and recording subsequent conditions of the coated surface, and means for comparing the initial condition of the coated surface with subsequent conditions to detect a predetermined change in the condition of the coated surface. The change in the condition of the coated surface indicates the source of the infiltration of water into the sewer system.

Abstract: A system for identifying the point source of external fluid infiltrating into a sanitary sewer system. An apparatus applies a substantially uniform coating to the surface of inner walls of a portion of the sewer system. The system also includes means for observing and recording the initial condition of the coated surface, means for observing and recording subsequent conditions of the coated surface, and means for comparing the initial condition of the coated surface with subsequent conditions to detect a predetermined change in the condition of the coated surface. The change in the condition of the coated surface indicates the point source of the infiltration of water into the sewer system.

Abstract: Demand in a water distribution system is determined by the steps of measuring the volume of water flowing into the water distribution system through an input during a predetermined interval of time, measuring the change in the volume of water stored in the storage reservoir during the same time interval, measuring the volume of water flow exiting the water distribution system through an output during the same time interval, calculating an adjusted input measurement by subtracting the measured flow of water exiting the water distribution system from the measured volume of water flow into the water distribution system, and adding a measured increase in the volume of the water in the storage reservoir to the adjusted input measurement or subtracting a measured decrease in the volume of water in the storage reservoir from the adjusted input measurement to determine the demand.

Abstract: A method for determining demand in a water distribution system. The method comprises measuring the volume of water flowing into the water distribution system through an input during a predetermined interval of time, measuring the change in the volume of water stored in the storage reservoir during the same time interval, measuring the volume of water flow exiting the water distribution system through an output during the same time interval, calculating an adjusted input measurement by subtracting the measured flow of water exiting the water distribution system from the measured volume of water flow into the water distribution system, and adding a measured increase in the volume of the water in the storage reservoir to the adjusted input measurement, or subtracting a measured decrease in the volume of water in the storage reservoir from the adjusted input measurement, to determine the amount of demand upon the water distribution system.