Abstract: The viscometer comprises a measuring element suspended on a torsion wire and immersed in a substance to be tested contained in a measurement vessel. The measurement vessel with the therein contained substance is driven by a first drive member. A second drive member as well as a measuring system are arranged on a shaft between the torsion wire and the measuring element. A signal transducer prescribes or sets a predetermined amount of torque for the second drive member. The predetermined amount of torque corresponds to a predetermined shear stress characteristic of the substance to be measured. A predetermined angular deflection or angular velocity is applied to the first drive member through a regulation connection arranged between the measuring system and the first drive member. The viscometer is, due to its high accuracy, particularly advantageous for applications in low viscosity ranges of structurally viscous substances.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for closely regulating the temperature of a laboratory reaction vessel arrangement are proposed which permit a desired temperature change to be rapidly established. In the method, a fluid heat transfer medium is introduced into a thermal chamber formed by a reactor vessel and a jacketing vessel of the laboratory reaction vessel arrangement in a finely turbulent and essentially helically ascending manner. In the apparatus for performing the method, a nozzle is provided in the lower region of the jacketing vessel and extends into the thermal chamber for appropriately introducing the fluid heat transfer medium into the thermal chamber.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for closely regulating the temperature of a laboratory reaction vessel arrangement which permits a desired temperature change to be rapidly established. The method contemplates introducing a fluid heat transfer medium into a thermal chamber formed by a reactor vessel and a jacketing vessel of the laboratory reaction vessel arrangement in a finely turbulent and essentially helically ascending manner.

Abstract: The temperature regulating apparatus for a laboratory reaction vessel arrangement, comprises a reaction vessel and a thermal chamber for a fluid heat exchange medium which at least partially surrounds the reaction vessel. A jacketing vessel is provided with at least one inlet aperture for said fluid heat exchange medium and at least partially surrounds the thermal chamber. The at least one inlet aperture is arranged to extend through the jacketing vessel and into the thermal chamber, and a nozzle is arranged in a region of the at least one inlet aperture. This nozzle has an outlet orifice and is arranged in the region of the at least one inlet aperture such that the fluid heat exchange medium flows through the nozzle and out of the outlet orifice and such that the fluid heat exchange medium flowing out of the outlet orifice subsequently flows into said thermal chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for the opto-electrical determination of a measured value or magnitude at a viscosimeter, especially at a rotational viscosimeter, wherein there is provided a rotatable body immersible in the medium to be measured and connected with the rotor of a motor and a shaft fixably connected for rotation with the stator of the motor and pivotably mounted against the action of the restoring force of a torsion spring. In order to obtain a series of light pulses which are independent of the measured magnitude and to also obtain a further series of light pulses dependent upon the measured magnitude, at least one reflector rotatably driven by a motor about an axis of rotation is arranged in spaced relationship from and essentially axially parallel to the pivotably mounted shaft which itself is equipped with a reflector and a stationary optical block or system is dispositioned in an appropriate geometric arrangement with respect to the rotatably driven reflector.