Abstract: Ceramic matrix composite articles comprising a ceramic, glass-ceramic or glass matrix and a fiber reinforcement phase disposed within the matrix consisting of amorphous or crystalline inorganic fibers, wherein there is provided, on or in close proximity to the surfaces of the inorganic fibers, a layer of sheet silicate crystals constituting a sheet silicate interface between the inorganic fibers and the ceramic, glass, or glass-ceramic matrix. Optionally, the composition of the matrix may be the same as the sheet silicate interface so that the matrix provides the sheet silicate layer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to transparent, essentially haze-free glass-ceramic articles exhibiting moduli of rupture in excess of 10,000 psi which consist essentially, in weight percent, of 3-6% Li.sub.2 O, 17-23% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 1-4% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 60-70% SiO.sub.2, 3-6% TiO.sub.2 and/or ZrO.sub.2, 25-500 ppm Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 1-5 mole percent of a glass modifying oxide selected from the group consisting of 0-3% K.sub.2 O and 0-2.5% SrO and/or BaO.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the preparation of glasses exhibiting a transition temperature below 450.degree. C., a working temperature below 500.degree. C., and excellent resistance to attack by water and mild aqueous alkaline solutions. The glasses consist essentially, in mole percent, of at least 65% total of 23-55% ZnO, 28-40% P.sub.2 O.sub.5, and 10-35% R.sub.2 O, wherein R.sub.2 O consists of at least two alkali metal oxides in the indicated proportions selected from the group consisting of 0-25% Li.sub.2 O, 0-25% Na.sub.2 O, and 0-25% K.sub.2 O, and up to 35% total of optional ingredients in the indicated proportions selected from the group consisting of 0-6% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-8% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-8% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-15% Cu.sub.2 O, 0-5% F, 0-35% PbO, 0-35% SnO, 0-35% PbO+SnO, 0-5% ZrO.sub.2, 0-4% SiO.sub.2, and 0-15% MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+MnO, consisting of 0-10% MgO, 0-10% CaO, 0-10% SrO, 0-12% BaO, and 0- 10% MnO.

Abstract: Ceramic matrix composite articles comprising a ceramic, glass-ceramic or glass matrix and a fiber reinforcement phase disposed within the matrix consisting of amorphous or cyrstalline inorganic fibers, wherein there is provided, on or in close proximity to the surfaces of the inorganic fibers, a layer of sheet silicate crystals constituting a sheet silicate interface between the inorganic fibers and the ceramic, glass, or glass-ceramic matrix. Optionally, the composition of the matrix may be the same as the sheet silicate interface so that the matrix provides the sheet silicate layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of glasses exhibiting low transition temperatures with excellent chemical durability. The glasses consist essentially, in mole %, of:______________________________________ P.sub.2 O.sub.5 44-58 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 + 4-10 Na.sub.2 O + Li.sub.2 O 10-45 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-7 Na.sub.2 O 10-30 Cu.sub.2 O 0-20 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-10 Li.sub.2 O 0-30 Li.sub.2 O + Cu.sub.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the production of glass-ceramic articles exhibiting an apparent annealing point in excess of 400.degree. C. and excellent resistance to moisture attack, the articles consisting essentially, in mole percent, of:______________________________________ Li.sub.2 O 5-25 ZnO 35-50 Na.sub.2 O 0-15 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.75-6 K.sub.2 O 0-10 P.sub.2 O.sub.5 29-37. Li.sub.2 O + Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.

Abstract: There is disclosed a lithium aluminosilicate glass body encased within, and integral with, a thin, compressive, semicrystalline layer containing beta-eucryptite and/or beta-quartz solid solution crystals, and a method of producing such body. The layer has a substantially lower thermal coefficient of expansion than the glass, but has the same chemical composition as the glass. That composition, in percent by weight on a calculated oxide basis is 55-67% SiO.sub.2, 5.0-7.5% Li.sub.2 O, 22-28% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-2% Na.sub.2 O and 0-10% ZnO, the molar ratio of R.sub.2 O+RO to Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 being greater than one. Controlled crystallization procedure is described whereby the crystallized layer can be produced in a relatively short time.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with the production of glass-ceramic articles wherein enstatite constitutes the predominant crystal phase. Compositions exhibiting a high modulus of rupture, a use temperature in excess of 1200.degree. C., and a high fracture toughness consist essentially, expressed in terms of weight percent on the oxide basis, of about 20-35% MgO, 2-12% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 40-70% SiO.sub.2, and at least one metal oxide in the indicated proportions selected from the group consisting of 0-2% Li.sub.2 O, 0-4% CaO, 0-12% SrO, and 0-17% BaO, at least 0.5% Li.sub.2 O being required when present alone and at least 1% SrO and/or BaO being required in the absence of Li.sub.2 O. Compositions exhibiting a use temperature of 1500.degree. C. consist essentially, expressed in terms of weight percent on the oxide basis, of about 30-35% MgO, 53-58% SiO.sub.2, and 10-14% ZrO.sub.2.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with the preparation of glass microfoams and gas-ceramics having compositions selected from the systems of SiO.sub.2 --Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --B.sub.2 O.sub.3 --RO--R.sub.2 O, SiO.sub.2 --Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 (B.sub.2 O.sub.3)--P.sub.2 O.sub.5 --Li.sub.2 O--[ZrO.sub.2 (TiO.sub.2)], and SiO.sub.2 --P.sub.2 O.sub.5 --B.sub.2 O.sub.3 --[RO], wherein RO is selected from the group of MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, and ZnO, and R.sub.2 O is selected from the group of alkali metal oxides. The foams comprise hydrogen-containing cells produced through the inclusion in the batch of a hydrogen-generating agent selected from the group of ammonium salts and/or a combination of amines and/or carbohydrates and/or hydrocarbons with phosphates.

Abstract: A family of synthetic mica glass-ceramic compositions is disclosed based on a modified sodium fluoromontmorillonoid stoichiometry. These are spontaneously crystallizable glass-ceramics which are composed of 50-62% SiO.sub.2, 20-28% MgO, 5-15% Na.sub.2 O, and 8-13% F. The method comprises supplying excess fluoride during melting to devise a synthetic mica having sodium fluoromontmorillonoid or a solid solution on the talc axis as the dominant crystal phase.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the production of glass-ceramic articles exhibiting great toughness, a modulus of rupture of at least 20,000 psi, and, in the form of bars having dimensions 5".times.0.5".times.0.1", sagging during the crystallization heat treatment of no more than 0.2" over a 4" span, and wherein potassium fluorrichterite constitutes the predominant crystal phase but wherein cristobalite is also present in an amount of at least 10% by volume. The inventive articles having an overall composition consisting essentially, in weight percent on the oxide basis, of:______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 65-69 Na.sub.2 O 1.5-3.3 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.75-3.5 K.sub.2 O 4.2-6.0 MgO 13.5-17.5 BaO 0-2.5 CaO 3-4.8 P.sub.2 O.sub.5 `0-2.5 Li.sub.2 O 0.5-2.0 F 3.3-5.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with the preparation of glazes which are especially suitable for application to glass-ceramic articles containing potassium fluorrichterite as substantially the sole crystal phase. The glazes consist essentially, expressed in terms of weight percent on the oxide basis, ofSiO.sub.2 :46-50Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :5-8ZrO.sub.2 :0.3-1Li.sub.2 O:1-2Na.sub.2 O:2-3.5K.sub.2 O:1-2CaO:1-4ZnO:2-6SrO:2-6B.sub.2 O.sub.3 :9-11PbO:20-25.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved, transparent, mullite glass-ceramic doped with Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 to fluoresce in the 650-900 nm. region of the spectrum and having an absorption peak centered at about 600 nm. The improvement is inclusion in the composition of 2-15% by weight of ZnO and sufficient MgO, if necessary, to provide at least 5% ZnO+MgO. The ZnO or ZnO--MgO components selectively shift the absorption peak centered at 600 nm. toward the lower (blue) end of the spectrum.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with the production of substantially transparent glass-ceramic articles containing mullite as the predominant crystal phase which can be prepared by crystallizing in situ precursor glasses capable of being melted at temperatures no higher than 1650.degree. C. The inventive articles consist essentially, in weight percent, of 10-70% SiO.sub.2, 7-40% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 14-50% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-35% RO, wherein RO consists of at least one member of the group in the indicated proportions of 0-15% MgO, 0-20% CaO, 0-30% SrO, 0-30% BaO, and 0-30% PbO, and 0-30% R.sub.2 O, wherein R.sub.2 O consists of at least one member of the group in the indicated proportions of 0-10% Li.sub.2 O, 0-15% Na.sub.2 O, 0-25% K.sub.2 O, 0-25% Rb.sub.2 O, and 0-25% Cs.sub.2 O, the mole ratio Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :RO+R.sub.2 O>1.3. Where 0.01-1% Cr.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: There is disclosed a highly crystalline glass-ceramic article exhibiting superior toughness against fracture propagation, a modulus of rupture in excess of 20,000 psi, a predominant crystal phase of potassium fluorrichterite, and having an overall composition consisting essentially ofSiO.sub.2 : 50-70CaO: 4-15MgO: 8-25F: 3-8Na.sub.2 O: 2-9K.sub.2 O: 2-12Li.sub.2 O: 0-3Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : 0-7Canasite may be a secondary phase, but a crystal phase composed essentially of potassium fluorrichterite is preferred for dinnerware.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the production of glass-ceramic bodies exhibiting high strength and capable of being used at temperatures of 1300.degree. C. and higher. Barium osumilite constitutes the predominant crystal phase and the inventive bodies have overall compositions consisting essentially, in weight percent, of:______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 51-68 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 17.5-30 MgO 5-12 BaO 3.5-15 Si 0-1 Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 0-20 Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 0-10 TiO.sub.2 0-12 ZrO.sub.2 0-6 ______________________________________The bodies can be utilized in monolith form and are very useful as matrices for fiber reinforced structures suitable for high temperature applications.

Abstract: Electrochromic devices comprising anodic and/or cathodic electrochromic elements in combination with an ion-permeable polycrystalline mica electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising mica crystals containing exchangeable Na.sup.+, Li.sup.+ and/or H.sup.+ interlayer cations and optionally being provided as a self-supporting, flexible, transparent or opaque electrolyte sheet, are described.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to the production of highly crystalline glass-ceramic articles demonstrating high intrinsic mechanical strength and toughness containing crystals of canasite and/or agrellite and/or fedorite as the predominant crystal phase. The articles have overall compositions consisting essentially, expressed in terms of weight percent on the oxide basis, of about______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 45-75 CaO 8-30 F 3.5-12 Na.sub.2 O 3-15 K.sub.2 O 0-20 Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O 5-25 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-6 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-7 ZrO.sub.2 0-12.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with the production of substantially transparent glass-ceramic articles containing mullite as the predominant crystal phase which can be prepared by crystallizing in situ precursor glasses capable of being melted at temperatures no higher than 1650.degree. C. The inventive articles consist essentially, in weight percent, of 1070% SiO.sub.2, 7-40% B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 14-50% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-35% RO, wherein RO consists of at least one member of the group in the indicated proportions of 015% MgO, 0-20% CaO, 0-30% SrO, 0-30% BaO, and 0-30% PbO, and 0-30% R.sub.2 O, wherein R.sub.2 O consists of at least one member of the group in the indicated proportions of 0-10% Li.sub.2 O, 0-15% Na.sub.2 O, 0-25% K.sub.2 O, 0-25% Rb.sub.2 O, and 0-25% Cs.sub.2 O, the mole ratio Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :RO+R.sub.2 O>1.3. Where 0.01-1% Cr.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making porous bodies of magnetic glass and/or crystal-containing materials having magnetic crystals incorporated therein with dimensions less than about 1000A. Preferably, the crystals have dimensions less than 500A such that the porous bodies demonstrate essential superparamagnetic behavior. The method involves preparing a body which, upon heat treatment, will separate into at least two vitreous phases and at least one crystal phase. One of the vitreous phases is etched away leaving a structure remaining which contains said magnetic crystals. When present as fine particles, the porous magnetic bodies are especially suitable for use in biological assays.