Abstract: Methods and apparatus for electrochemically disinfecting or treating contaminated aqueous liquids by contact disinfection and/or the generation of a biocidally active chemical agent in the liquid being treated. Rapid polarization of reactor electrodes after polarity reversal and out-of-phase operation of paired reactors can be employed to promote efficient disinfection, reduce the bulk of the apparatus, and protect the reactor electrodes against damage.

Abstract: An electrode, which comprises an electrically conductive current collector, and a working surface containing a multiplicity of conductive islands in a non-conducting matrix wherein the majority of said islands are in electrically conductive contact with said current collector wherein the average size of said conductive islands and the average spacing between said conductive islands are of the same order of magnitude as the diffusion layer of the solution intended to be treated when said electrode is immersed into said solution.

Abstract: An aircraft of the heavier than air type which has wings that can be deployed from a collapsed launch configuration to an extended flight position by an on-board power source.

Abstract: An electrode, which comprises an electrically conductive current collector, and a working surface containing a multiplicity of conductive islands in a non-conducting matrix wherein the majority of said islands are in electrically conductive contact with said current collector wherein the average size of said conductive islands and the average spacing between said conductive islands are of the same order of magnitude as the diffusion layer of the solution intended to be treated when said electrode is immersed into said solution.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrolytically disinfecting an object which comprisesan electrolytic cell containing at least one pair of electrodes, said electrodes being positioned within said cell such that when said cell receives an electrolyte containing solution therein, said electrodes will be at least partially immersed in said solution,an electrically conductive substrate having means for holding said object to be disinfected, said electrically conductive substrate being of sufficient size so as to be capable of being immersed into the solution, when said cell receives said solution, between said electrodes, and wherein said substrate functions as a bipolar electrode when a potential is impressed across said electrodes, and wherein said holding means is capable of holding the object to be disinfected completely submerged in said solution, and between said electrodes.