Abstract: The corrosion of metals in closed, aqueous cooling systems having a pH of 7.5 to 10.5 is inhibited by adding to the system a coolant concentrate comprising water, at least 10% by weight of a water soluble nitrite or a mixture of a water soluble nitrite and a water soluble nitrate, 0.2 to 2.0% by weight of at least one water soluble azole, and 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of a water soluble molybdate, to provide in the system concentrations of at least 200 ppm of the nitrite or nitrite/nitrate mixture, 2 to 20 ppm of the azole and 1 to 10 ppm of the molybdate.

Abstract: Particulate materials in aqueous media such as heat exchange systems are dispersed by introducing into the system a polymer blend comprising about 50 to 99% by weight of (A) a water-soluble, dissociating, low molecular weight polymer of at least one alpha, beta-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and about 50 to 1% by weight of (B) a water-soluble, dissociating, lower molecular weight polymer selected from (1) vinyl aromatic polymers and (2) polymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid. A typical polymer blend comprises, in neutralized form, (A) polyacrylic acid terminated with thioglycolic acid and (B) a polymer of sulfonated styrene and maleic anhydride.

Abstract: Corrosion of metal surfaces in cooper or copper alloy cooling water systems is inhibited by the addition of small amounts of aromatic triazoles and iminodicarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof to the cooling water system.

Abstract: Polysaccharide gums, such as guar gum, are removed from an aqueous liquid by agglomerating the gum with a low molecular weight, water-soluble copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride and separating the agglomerate from the aqueous liquid.

Abstract: The waters used for cooling generally contain hard ions of the group consisting of calcium and magnesium ions concentration of from about 10 to 600 parts per million. Such waters also contain bicarbonate ions. When cooling waters are recirculated through a cooling tower, they are saturated with oxygen and tend to be corrosive and tend to promote formation of calciferous scale. Such propensities are inhibited by the injection of appropriate chemicals so that the inhibited water contains dispersants effective in dispersing incipient calcium compounds and inhibiting calciferous scale, so that the inhibited water contains a plurality of components forming a dynamic layer on metal surfaces protecting such metal from oxidation.

Abstract: The waters used for cooling generally contain hard ions of the group consisting of calcium and magnesium ions concentration of from about 10 to 600 parts per million. Such waters also contain bicarbonate ions. When cooling waters are recirculated through a cooling tower, they are saturated with oxygen and tend to be corrosive and tend to promote formation of calciferous scale. Such propensities are inhibited by the injection of appropriate chemicals so that the inhibited water contains dispersants effective in dispersing incipient calcium compounds and inhibiting calciferous scale, so that the inhibited water contains a plurality of components forming a dynamic layer on metal surfaces protecting such metal from oxidation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to pulp bleaching processes, and in particular compositions for use in the bleaching process to enhance the efficiency of the process. It was discovered that if a low molecular weight water soluble polymer of acrylic acid, or water soluble salt thereof was added either alone or together with a carboxymethyl cellulose to the bleaching solution, that less bleaching solution was required.