Abstract: A method of acid manufacturing using acid cation resins for recycling salt and/or salt products from wastes and/or waste waters utilizes a brine solution, an acid cation resin, an acid solution, and an ion exchanger. The acid cation resin is into hydrogen form with the acid solution within the ion exchanger. The acid cation resin is then washed using water with salinity to remove any excess acid from the exterior of the acid cation resin. A selected brine of salts is then prepared of the desired acid(s) to be produced. The desired acid is produced by contacting the acid cation resin containing cations in concentration with the selected brine. A second ion exchange reaction is executed to substitute hydrogen for cations in the selected brine.

Abstract: A method of acid manufacturing using ion exchange resin allows for the production of acids on location where the acid is being utilized to prevent the necessity of transporting the acid. An ion exchange medium provides a medium for substituting hydrogen ions for salt cations within a salt solution in order to protonate the salt solution. As the salt solution becomes protonated to form an acid solution from the respective salt anion as the concentration of hydrogen increases. The ion exchange medium is recharged with a hydrogen ion source solution. The ion exchange resin is safe to transport even while charged with hydrogen ions.

Abstract: A method of using nitrates, nitrites, or ammonium recovered from contaminated water for feeding plants and algae. If required, the nitrogen waste removed from contaminated waters is treated to be converted as nitrates or nitrites to become readily absorbed by plants and algae. The use of nitrogen containing fertilizer recovered from contaminated waters to feed plants and algae is cost effective for both the process of water decontamination and the growth of plants and algae.

Abstract: Roadways are deiced or ice formation on roadways is prevented by applying salt compositions derived from waste water streams from water softening operations.

Abstract: Energy is stored and transferred by separating a sodium sulfate product from water containing sodium sulfate, adjusting the phase change temperature of the sodium sulfate product, storing energy in said product by heating the product above the sodium sulfate-sodium sulfate decahydrate phase change temperature and transferring the stored heat by cooling the heated sodium sulfate product to below said phase change temperature.

Abstract: A method for recovering and/or utilizing potassium from waste waters for a plurality of applications. As algae and plants are able to survive and flourish in environments with high salt concentrations, waste waters containing potassium can be applied as fertilizers to the growth of microbes, algae and plants. The microbes, plants, and algae are able to absorb the necessary nutrients, such as nitrogen and potassium, from the waste waters. After depletion of the potassium content from the waste water, that waste water can then be treated to separate other contaminants. In another aspect of the present invention, the potassium content may be first separated from the waste water to be applied for growth of microbes, plants, and algae and again used for regeneration of cation resins in specific potassium forms. The remaining contaminants that are separated through treatment of the waste water can be utilized for different productions.

Abstract: In oil or gas well drilling, saline water is collected and separated into first and second streams of solid or liquid products containing salts. The first or second product is added to drilling fluids as a weighting agent.

Abstract: An integrated process separates salts from salty waters and electrolyzes the salts to produce chlorine products such as chlorine, hypochlorites, chlorates and/or caustic soda.

Abstract: Roadways are deiced or ice formation on roadways is prevented by applying salt compositions derived from waste water streams from water softening operations.

Abstract: A method of using nitrates, nitrites, or ammonium recovered from contaminated water for feeding microbes used in microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). If required, the nitrogen waste removed from contaminated waters is treated to be converted as nitrates or nitrites. The nitrates and nitrites are mixed with microbes that are then injected into oil wells for improved tertiary oil production or injected separately depending on balance of feed and microbes in well brine as judged from examining brine that exits well with the oil. The use of nitrates recovered from contaminated waters to feed microbes in MEOR is cost effective for both the process of water decontamination and oil recovery.

Abstract: Suspect contaminated water is sanitized by treating it to produce a clean water stream and a waste water stream. A portion of the waste water stream is electrolyzed to provide a solution containing hypochlorite ions, a quantity of which is mixed with the suspect water in sufficient quantity to sanitize the suspect water and maintain sufficient residual chlorine to prevent re-contamination.

Abstract: Roadways are deiced or ice formation on roadways is prevented by applying salt compositions derived from waste water streams from water softening operations.

Abstract: In oil or gas well drilling, saline water is collected and separated into first and second streams of solid or liquid products containing salts. The first products are used in formulating cements for fabricating drilled well casings.

Abstract: The invention relates to treating unwanted moderately saline water for producing useful water. The treated water is also suitable for human and livestock consumption. The process includes passing moderately saline waters having 0.05% or more weight and less than 1.00% by weight of the salts of Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cl, SO4, or CO3 or combinations thereof through an ion exchange media (FIG. 2). The ion exchange media is pre-treated to be saturated with multivalent cations such as calcium (Ca2+) or magnesium (Mg2+) ions (FIG. 2). After passing through the ion exchange media, the effluent has decreased sodium cations and increased calcium and/or magnesium cations compared to the pre-treated moderately saline water (FIG. 2). As the moderately saline waters pass through the ion exchange media, the sodium content of the media rises as the multivalent cation content lowers until the media is unacceptable for further water treatment and must be regenerated.

Abstract: Waste saline waters are purified by contacting with a cation exchange resin in hydrogen form, then with a WBA resin and, if desired, with a SBA resin. The cation exchange resin is regenerated with a strong acid reagent. The WBA resin is regenerated with ammonium hydroxide reagent. The SBA resin is regenerated with an alkali metal hydroxide. The residual reagent values in the spent regenerants are applied to the soil as amendments, fertilizer, for pH control, wind erosion control, deicing roadways and in Enhanced Oil Recovery.

Abstract: A method of improving oil or gas well production has the steps of (a) collecting contaminated water having 0.15% or more by weight of the salts of Na, Ca, Mg, K, Cl, SO4 or CO3 or combinations thereof (b) separation processing the contaminated water to produce i.) a first separated liquid product having increased sodium chloride and decreased magnesium chloride and calcium chloride or combinations thereof than the collected water, and ii) a second solid or liquid product having decreased sodium chloride and increased magnesium chloride and calcium chloride or combinations thereof than the collected water, and (c) injecting the first liquid product into an oil or gas well formation to improve production.

Abstract: A method of growing rooted plants and non-rooted aquatic organisms in a pond. Rooted aquatic plants are planted spaced apart and non-rooted aquatic organisms, such as floating plants or algae, are grown in the space between the rooted plants.

Abstract: Water is purified by ion-exchange. The ion-exchange resins are regenerated by contacting the resins with waste brines previously discarded, thus to improve the economics of discarding the waste brines and, in appropriate cases, providing for recovery of valuable by-products.

Abstract: Water contaminated with sodium, calcium or magnesium salts or chloride, sulfate or carbonate salts is processed to produce a clean water stream and a waste water stream. The clean water stream is analyzed to determine if the sodium content is too high for potable use and, if so, the clean water stream is applied to soil to improve rain catchment for pond sealing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treating unwanted moderately saline waters for producing waters acceptable for treating soil, such as for irrigation. The treated water is also suitable for human and livestock consumption. The process includes passing moderately saline waters having 0.05% or more by weight and less than 1.00% by weight of the salts of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cl, SO4, or CO3 or combinations thereof through an ion exchange resin. The ion exchange resin is pre-treated to be saturated with multivalent cations. Preferred multivalent cations include calcium (Ca2+) or magnesium (Mg2+) ions, or combinations thereof. After passing through the ion exchange resin, the effluent has decreased sodium cations and increased calcium and/or magnesium cations compared to the pre-treated moderately saline water.