Abstract: A gas stunning apparatus and system includes a first environment and a second environment. An animal is passed through the first environment until the carbon dioxide concentration within the first environment is about 40%, rendering the animal unconscious. The animal is then passed through the second environment until the carbon dioxide concentration within the second environment is about 100%, rendering the animal irrevocably unconscious.

Abstract: An offset weighing apparatus and method for use with poultry processing equipment includes a weigh assembly to weigh an animal connected to a shackle assembly as the shackle moves in contact with a force sensor along a conveyor line. A diverter assembly laterally displaces a shackle retaining the animal from below the conveyor line into engagement with the force sensor. The bending axis of the force sensor is approximately parallel to the displaced shackle. The angular position of the bending axis and shackle, and relative positions, friction, and forces of the components of the shackle assembly and weigh assembly are analyzed to calculate the weight of the animal connected to the shackle without removing the animal from the shackle or ceasing movement of the conveyor line.

Abstract: A method of processing a poultry carcass includes exposing an area of tissue between a leg and the carcass, cutting the tissue between the leg and the carcass where the muscle tissue connecting the leg to the back of the carcass remains intact, and separating the leg bone from the carcass with the leg muscle tissue remaining connected to the back muscle tissue. The cut extends between about 0.1 mm to about 7.0 mm below the surface of the tissue. In an implementation, the teres ligament is cut.

Abstract: A gas stunning apparatus and system includes a first environment and a second environment. An animal is passed through the first environment until the carbon dioxide concentration within the first environment is about 40%, rendering the animal unconscious. The animal is then passed through the second environment until the carbon dioxide concentration within the second environment is about 100%, rendering the animal irrevocably unconscious.

Abstract: A method of processing a poultry carcass includes exposing an area of tissue between a leg and the carcass, cutting the tissue between the leg and the carcass where the muscle tissue connecting the leg to the back of the carcass remains intact, and separating the leg bone from the carcass with the leg muscle tissue remaining connected to the back muscle tissue. The cut extends between about 0.1 mm to about 7.0 mm below the surface of the tissue. In an implementation, the teres ligament is cut.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing a poultry carcass includes a first assembly with parallel guide plates opposite a second assembly with parallel guide plates. The assemblies include a cutting element presenting an edge extending beyond a bottom edge of the guide plates. A bracket secures the cutting element to the guide plate allowing adjustment of the cutting edge. The carcass is advanced into engagement with the apparatus whereby the cutting edges cut the connective tissue between the leg and back. A bracket leading edge prevents tissue from being driven between the cutting element and guide plate. The cutting edge can extend further from the bottom edge of the guide plates at the heel than at the point. Manual processing of the carcass includes: cutting tissue between the leg and back; and separating the leg from the back wherein muscle tissue connecting the leg and the back remain intact.

Abstract: An offset weighing apparatus and method for use with poultry processing equipment includes a weigh assembly to weigh an animal connected to a shackle assembly as the shackle moves in contact with a force sensor along a conveyor line. A diverter assembly laterally displaces a shackle retaining the animal from below the conveyor line into engagement with the force sensor. The bending axis of the force sensor is approximately parallel to the displaced shackle. The angular position of the bending axis and shackle, and relative positions, friction, and forces of the components of the shackle assembly and weigh assembly are analyzed to calculate the weight of the animal connected to the shackle without removing the animal from the shackle or ceasing movement of the conveyor line.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing a poultry carcass includes a first assembly with parallel guide plates opposite a second assembly with parallel guide plates. The assemblies include a cutting element presenting an edge extending beyond a bottom edge of the guide plates. A bracket secures the cutting element to the guide plate allowing adjustment of the cutting edge. The carcass is advanced into engagement with the apparatus whereby the cutting edges cut the connective tissue between the leg and back. A bracket leading edge prevents tissue from being driven between the cutting element and guide plate. The cutting edge can extend further from the bottom edge of the guide plates at the heel than at the point. Manual processing of the carcass includes: cutting tissue between the leg and back; and separating the leg from the back wherein muscle tissue connecting the leg and the back remain intact.

Abstract: An apparatus for traversing loose, granular material includes a frame and a rotatable traction device connected to the frame. The outer surface of the rotatable traction device includes spaced apart curvilinear or angular traction ridges and spaced apart curved or angular valleys, each valley being between a pair of adjacent traction ridges, thereby forming curved or angular shovel-like elements. Each shovel-like element has a leading curved or angular surface and a confining curved or angular surface. Rotation of the rotatable traction device results in rotation of the shovel-like elements through the loose, granular material. Each shovel-like element enfolds a portion of the loose, granular material bordering the leading curved or angular surface of the shovel-like element, and the confining curved or angular surface of the shovel-like element confines at least part of the enfolded portion of the material, thereby confining and restricting displacement of the enfolded portion of the material.

Abstract: An apparatus for traversing loose, granular material includes a frame and a rotatable traction device connected to the frame. The outer surface of the rotatable traction device includes spaced apart curvilinear or angular traction ridges and spaced apart curved or angular valleys, each valley being between a pair of adjacent traction ridges, thereby forming curved or angular shovel-like elements. Each shovel-like element has a leading curved or angular surface and a confining curved or angular surface. Rotation of the rotatable traction device results in rotation of the shovel-like elements through the loose, granular material. Each shovel-like element enfolds a portion of the loose, granular material bordering the leading curved or angular surface of the shovel-like element, and the confining curved or angular surface of the shovel-like element confines at least part of the enfolded portion of the material, thereby confining and restricting displacement of the enfolded portion of the material.

Abstract: A method facilitates the assembly of a turbine engine. The method includes providing a shroud support block having a forward end and an aft end, coupling a forward end of a shroud to the shroud support block using a forward fastener, and coupling an aft end of the shroud to the shroud support block using an aft fastener. The method also includes installing a locking pin through the aft fastener to retain the aft fastener, and staking the locking pin in the shroud support block, such that the locking pin is securely coupled to the shroud support block.

Abstract: A method facilitates the assembly of a turbine engine. The method includes providing a shroud support block having a forward end and an aft end, coupling a forward end of a shroud to the shroud support block using a forward fastener, and coupling an aft end of the shroud to the shroud support block using an aft fastener. The method also includes installing a locking pin through the aft fastener to retain the aft fastener, and staking the locking pin in the shroud support block, such that the locking pin is securely coupled to the shroud support block.

Abstract: A drilling assembly (2) comprises upper (4) and lower (6) drill strings with a fluid passage (80) therethrough for distributing fluid to a bottom hole assembly (10). The upper drill string (4) has an upper end (11) connectable to a drilling apparatus (13) and fluid source (16) and a lower end (18) with an attached casing expander unit (20) that communicates the fluid passage (80) of the upper (4) and lower (6) drill strings. An upper end (22) of the lower drill string (6) is formed from a casing string (24) telescoped over the casing expander unit. A constriction (31) connects the casing string (24) with the rest of the lower drill string (6). A flow restriction device (35) in the lower drill string acts to control fluid flow through the fluid passage.

Abstract: A multi-layered wellbore junction. In a described embodiment, a method of forming an expanded chamber in a subterranean well includes the steps of: positioning multiple chamber sidewall layers in the well; and expanding the layers in the well to form the expanded chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing heat energy to a fluid, including a housing adapted for connection into a working string and for inserting into a borehole, a flow path for the fluid extending within the housing, a pressure drop device positioned within the flow path, and an actuator for actuating the apparatus between a minimum pressure drop position and a maximum pressure drop position. A method for providing heat energy to a fluid, including the steps of providing an apparatus in a borehole, actuating the apparatus to a maximum pressure drop position, and circulating the fluid through a pressure drop device which is positioned within a flow path in the apparatus.

Abstract: The cooling system for the nozzle edges includes a chamber containing a cooling medium. First and second elongated plenums are disposed along opposite side edges of each platform. Inlet passages communicate cooling medium from the chamber into each plenum. Outlet passages from each plenum terminate in outlet holes in the side edges of the platform to cool the gap between adjacent nozzle segments. Passageways communicate with each plenum and terminate in film cooling holes to film cool platform surfaces. In each plenum, the inlet passages are not in direct line-of-sight flow communication with the outlet passages and passageways.