Abstract: Improved battery separators, base films or membranes, batteries, cells, devices, systems, vehicles, and/or methods of making and/or using such separators, films or membranes, batteries, cells, devices, systems, vehicles, and/or methods of enhancing battery or cell charge rates, charge capacity, and/or discharge rates, and/or methods of improving batteries, systems including such batteries, vehicles including such batteries and/or systems, and/or the like; biaxially oriented porous membranes, composites including biaxially oriented porous membranes, biaxially oriented microporous membranes, biaxially oriented macroporous membranes, battery separators with improved charge capacities and the related methods and methods of manufacture, methods of use, and the like; flat sheet membranes, liquid retention media; dry process separators; biaxially stretched separators; dry process biaxially stretched separators having a thickness range between about 5 ?m and 50 ?m, preferably between about 10 ?m and 25 ?m, having imp

Abstract: A multistage filter unit comprises a housing having a closed end and an other end closed except for liquid inlet means and liquid outlet means. Within the housing are first and second filter elements. The improvement is characterized by the second filter element being comprised of a porous disc retained in or adjacent the opening of the first filter element by a foraminous element. The porous disc is deformable in response to increase in differential pressure due to clogging of the porous disc to reduce the liquid flow path through the porous disc and relieve some of the differential pressure, without opening an unfiltered path for liquid.

Abstract: An air precleaner for internal combustion engines having a central conduit for conducting precleaned air to the air intake of the engine. A housing is disposed around the central conduit and forms an air intake opening, an arcuate wall spaced radially outwardly from the conduit and substantially concentric therewith for conducting the incoming air stream from the intake opening around the conduit so that any dust in the air stream is collected along the housing wall by centrifugal action, and a dust outlet for discharging dust from the housing at the downstream end of the arcuate wall. The conduit forms clean air port near the downstream end of the arcuate wall for discharging clean air from the inner region of the space between the arcuate wall and the conduit. An internal baffle integral with one side of the intake opening extends between the arcuate wall and the conduit and forms a restricted passageway that increases the velocity of the incoming air at the upstream end of the arcuate wall.