Abstract: A system for producing metal powder in which a cryogenic fluid in the liquid phase is poured over a metal bath having a vapor pressure of at least 1 mm Hg, and the solid particles suspended in the fluid are separated therefrom and collected.The particles find application in the manufacture of paints, in the treatment of rubber, and in the metallurgical, chemical pharmaceutical and ceramic industries.

Abstract: A method of making a gas delivery device in which a delivery conduit and a core are located in a vibratory mold, and refractory granular material with a binder are poured into the mold. The core is removed, and a porous element is inserted in the resulting recess. The assembly is then heat treated to form the completed device.The device is especially useful for degasifying aluminium, copper, and their alloys.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of casting metal in a rotary mould or die under the protection of an inertizing atmosphere formed by a liquefied gas. In the mould or die, successive casting operations are performed with different metals while maintaining an infeed of liquefied gas during each of these casting operations and while the metal involved is solidifying, until an end product is obtained which is formed from a plurality of layers of different metals. The invention is applicable in particular, but not exclusively, to the production of centrifugally cast tubes and rolling-mill rolls.

Abstract: This invention relates to an arrangement for the automatic distribution in free air of metered quantities of the liquid phase of a cryogenic fluid, and comprises a container to hold the liquid phase, a system to control the supply to the said container, metering means, forced discharge means, means for distributing the cryogenic liquid, and a system for controlling the said metering member and the said discharge means.The invention is applicable in particular to the casting of metals, to the production of articles formed from different metals, and to the moulding of articles in series.

Abstract: The cooling of molten metal, such as metal continuously cast into an ingot mold, is retarded by establishing on the upper surface of the metal in the mold, a layer of cryogenic liquid such as nitrogen, helium or argon, with a finely divided material in homogeneous and stable suspension in the liquid. The finely divided material is in the form of particles having a size between 200 and 2,000 A and is present in a quantity between 10 and 1,000 grams per liter of cryogenic liquid. The suspended material may be aluminum, titanium, zirconium, niobium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, solid glass, or an oxide of aluminum, titanium, zirconium, niobium, calcium, lithium or magnesium, and is highly reflective to infrared radiation from the metal so as to reduce the transparency of the cryogenic liquid to this infrared radiation.

Abstract: A gas delivery tube including tubular body portion of refractory material having a recess adjacent one end in which recess is housed a porous element for emitting small bubbles containing the gas. The body portion is provided with an internal gas inlet pipe, one end of which opens into an internal chamber in communication with said recess while at its other end the pipe terminates in means enabling it to be connected to a supply of gas.The delivery tube is especially useful for degasifying aluminium, copper, and their alloys.

Abstract: A phase-separating member of annular form supplies a liquid phase, which converges towards a molten stream of metal. The liquid phase is distributed in the form of at least two layers, the upper layer meeting the metal stream at a distance h which is not greater than 300 mm from the bottom of the upper supply container, each layer forming an angle .gamma. greater than 30.degree. with the said stream and being intended to protect a proportion of the vertical extent of the stream h not greater than 600 mm. The invention is applicable to protecting casting streams of large diameter and considerable height, in particular between the ladle and the tundish in the continuous casting of slabs.

Abstract: A surface of molten metal is covered with a polyphase mixture of a cryogenic fluid and at least one additional constituent in the form of particles, the particles having a size less than 50 microns and forming a homogeneous and stable suspension in the boiling liquefied gas. The particles may be metal or metal oxide or glass or carbon or vegetable or mineral oil, and serve to reduce radiative heat losses from the metal by reflection and/or to serve as a lubricant of the metal in a mold.

Abstract: This invention relates to the distribution, in free air, of the liquid phase of a cryogenic fluid which is stored under pressure.The apparatus consists of a phase-separator, a collecting tank for the liquid phase, an electrical system for controlling an electrical valve in order to hold the level in the tank constant, an adjusting member and distributor means.The invention is applicable to the inertizing of metallurgical furnaces or moulds, the protection of casting jets and molten metal, to the filling of containers, etc.