Abstract: Apparatus for cooling the wall of a fluidized bed hearth in a middle join region of generally upsidedown V-shaped vertical right cross-section between the upsidedown truncated pyramid-shaped bottom portions of the furnace above two parallel floors and a top portion of rectangular right cross-section, having a front face and a rear face parallel to the ridge of the upsidedown V-shape and having side faces perpendicular to said ridge, said wall being provided with heat exchanger tubes conveying water or an emulsion of water and steam, wherein the heat exchanger tubes are essentially horizontal and disposed in the flanks of the upsidedown truncated pyramid-shaped lower portions in line with the upsidedown V-shape and open out into tubes lining the side faces perpendicular to the ridge thereof. This makes it possible to perform cooling by natural circulation.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises: (a) stacked bundles of parallel corrugated wafers (4) between which the liquid droplet charged gas or vapour is made to flow, said bundles being housed between panels (e.g. 1) which are welded round all their edges to a support structure so as to define a horizontal gas or vapour flow direction between adjacent wafers; (b) gutters (9, 10, 11) for collecting the liquid running down the wafers, each gutter being located below a bundle of wafers; and (c) liquid drain tubes (12, 13, 14) for draining away the liquid collected by the gutters. The lower edges of the wafers are notched in such a manner as to catch drops of liquid flowing along said lower edges and cause them to drop into the gutters rather than being entrained by the flow of the gas or vapour.Such apparatus is used in separator-superheaters as used in power stations that generate electricity by expanding steam through turbines.

Abstract: A vertical separator for separating liquid or solid particles from a mixture of the particles and a vapor or a gas, said separator including, inside an outer casing a chamber for admitting the mixture, a plurality of vertical tubes whose ends are provided with fixed blades which impart a helical movement to the mixture and whose outlets are provided with a coaxial tube whose diameter is smaller and which allows dry vapor or gas to be removed in an inner tube and a mixture containing a higher proportion of liquid or solid particles to be removed in the annular space which leads into a free chamber where said mixture which contains a higher proportion of liquid or solid particles is allowed to be separated into substantially dry vapor or gas and a fluid which contains little vapor or gas.

Abstract: A connection between tubes (26) in cyclone separators for separating liquid and vapour phases of a working fluid. It includes a pre-cut disc (21) in which are fitted the hexagonal ends (27) of stamped or cast metal adaptors, said adaptors being connected by their ends of the side opposite to the cross-sections of the tubes, thereby providing the inlet of the mixture in the tubes with a cross-section which is not very different from that of the supply tube.

Abstract: A vertical separator for separating the liquid and vapor phases of a fluid. The separator includes an outer casing having an inlet chamber for the vapor-mixture and vertical tubes provided at their inlets with fixed vanes which cause the mixture to flow helically. Coaxial tubes at their outputs, of smaller diameter enable dry vapor to be removed. A mixture with an increased liquid content is caused to be removed through the annular spaces, between the coaxial tubes. The annular spaces communicating with a free space in which said mixture with increased liquid content is separated into dry vapor and a liquid which still contains some vapor, and said inner tubes communicating with a dry vapor collecting chamber. An annular edge allows the vapor which is still contained in the liquid to escape upwardly through an annular peripheral passage between said annular edge and the outer casing.

Abstract: The heat exchanger comprises an outer cylindrical casing and an inner cylindrical sleeve coaxially mounted therein. Dry superheated steam circulates in the jacket between the outer casing and the inner sleeve, and may be extracted at any convenient point along the casing. Wet steam is introduced into the inner casing whose lower portion comprises a separation baffle for removing water from the wet steam and whose upper portion has nests of heat exchanging tubes for superheating the steam.