Abstract: The invention relates to a light source (1) comprising a light generating unit (2) like an organic light emitting diode and an outcoupling device (3) for coupling light out of the light generating unit in an outcoupling direction (4). The outcoupling device comprises a first region (5) for facing the light generating unit, a second region (7) having a refractive index being smaller than the refractive index of the first region, and a structured intermediate region (6) between the first region and the second region. The first region is optically homogenous and has a thickness in the outcoupling direction being larger than a coherence length of the light, thereby reducing generally possible wavelength dependent interference effects and, thus, a corresponding degradation of the outcoupling efficiency. The outcoupling efficiency can therefore be increased.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a light emitting device with improved internal out-coupling by providing an intermediate layer (11) with a modulated surface. This is achieved by exposure of a flat glass surface (100) to a saturated etching fluid or by providing local changes in the chemical surface composition of the glass substrate or by depositing locally separated sub-?m particles. By removal of the etching fluid, either ultrafine particles (12) are deposited or defects are generated consisting of glass component areas of sub^m-size extension with a high sticking coefficient with respect to the species deposited later on from the gas phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a light emitting device with improved internal out-coupling by providing an intermediate layer (11) with a modulated surface. This is achieved by exposure of a flat glass surface (100) to a saturated etching fluid or by providing local changes in the chemical surface composition of the glass substrate or by depositing locally separated sub-?m particles. By removal of the etching fluid, either ultrafine particles (12) are deposited or defects are generated consisting of glass component areas of sub?m-size extension with a high sticking coefficient with respect to the species deposited later on from the gas phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light source (1) comprising a light generating unit (2) like an organic light emitting diode and an outcoupling device (3) for coupling light out of the light generating unit in an outcoupling direction (4). The outcoupling device comprises a first region (5) for facing the light generating unit, a second region (7) having a refractive index being smaller than the refractive index of the first region, and a structured intermediate region (6) between the first region and the second region. The first region is optically homogenous and has a thickness in the outcoupling direction being larger than a coherence length of the light, thereby reducing generally possible wavelength dependent interference effects and, thus, a corresponding degradation of the outcoupling efficiency. The outcoupling efficiency can therefore be increased.

Abstract: The light modulator for modulating light has a light modulating element, having a medium with a particle (6) and an optical state depending on the position of the particle (6), and a particle controller (10,11,100) being arranged to enable a movement of the particle (6) to one of the positions for modulating the light. For the light modulator to have a particle (6) which can relatively easily be moved, the particle (6) has a carrier particle (81) which contributes in operation to the ability of the particle (6) to be moved and is substantially non-contributing to the optical state, and an optical particle (86) which has an optical property for contributing to the optical state, is associated with the carrier particle (81), and has a position depending on the position of the carrier particle (81).

Abstract: The light modulator for modulating light has a light modulating element, having a medium with a particle (6) and an optical state depending on the position of the particle (6), and a particle controller (10,11,100) being arranged to enable a movement of the particle (6) to one of the positions for modulating the light. For the light modulator to have a particle (6) which can relatively easily be moved, the particle (6) has a carrier particle (81) which contributes in operation to the ability of the particle (6) to be moved and is substantially non-contributing to the optical state, and an optical particle (86) which has an optical property for contributing to the optical state, is associated with the carrier particle (81), and has a position depending on the position of the carrier particle (81).

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical element comprising a substrate which is provided with a transparent layer comprising an organic polymer network and one or more photochromic compounds, in which the transmission of the optical element in the visible wavelength range changes in response to a variation of incident light, while the transparent layer comprising photochromic compounds is provided with a protective coating on the side remote from the substrate side.