Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of d,l-menthol by catalytic hydrogenation of compounds which have the carbon skeleton of menthane containing at least one double bond and are 3-substituted by oxygen and/or of menthone or isomenthone or mixtures of such compounds using hydrogen at temperatures of 100 to 200° C. and at hydrogen partial pressures between 2 and 50 bar and/or by rearrangement of menthol stereoisomers in the presence of hydrogen at temperatures of 0 to 140° C. and at hydrogen partial pressures between 0.1 and 20 bar in the presence of noble-metal-containing catalysts.

Abstract: A low-pressure process for the hydrogenation of aromatic amines to give the corresponding symmetrical dicycloaliphatic amines in the presence of rhodium catalysts which are unmodified or modified by Ir, Ru, Os, Pd and/or Pt or mixtures of these metals, on supports modified by oxides of Cr, Mo, W, Mn and/or Re or mixtures of these oxides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low-pressure process for hydrogenating aromatic amines to give the corresponding cycloaliphatic amines in the presence of rhodium catalysts.

Abstract: A high-pressure process for hydrogenating aromatic amines to give mixtures of the corresponding cycloaliphatic amines and dicycloaliphatic amines in variable ratios in the presence of rhodium catalysts.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing D,L-menthol by catalytic rearrangement of optically active D-menthol in the presence of hydrogen at temperatures of from 200 to 350.degree. C. and under pressures of from 50 to 350 bar over fixed-bed catalysts comprising support-free reduced shaped bodies of pressed powders of nickel, manganese, alkaline earth metal (hydr)oxides and optionally (hydr)oxides of elements of transition groups V and/or VI of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A continuous process is described for the preparation of D,L-menthol by catalytic hydrogenation of compounds which have the carbon skeleton of p-menthane containing at least one double bond and are 3-substituted by oxygen using hydrogen and/or by rearrangement of stereoisomers of menthol in the presence of hydrogen at temperatures of 150.degree. to 230.degree. C. and at pressures of 25 to 350 bar on fixed-bed catalysts made of support-free reduced shaped bodies made of pressed powders of cobalt (hydr)oxide, manganese (hydr)oxide, alkaline earth metal (hydr)oxides and, optionally, (hydr)oxides of elements of subgroup V and/or VI of the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Abstract: For the continuous preparation of a mixture of amino-methyl-cyclohexanes and diamino-methyl-cyclohexanes by catalytic hydrogenation of diamino-toluenes with hydrogen at temperatures of from 150.degree. to 260.degree. C. and an H.sub.2 pressure of from 20 to 500 bar, use is made of a fixed-bed catalyst comprising ruthenium on an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 support treated with compounds of rare earth metals, of manganese and alkali metal hydroxides or alkaline earth metal hydroxides.

Abstract: For the continuous preparation of a mixture of amino-methyl-cyclohexanes and diamino-methyl-cyclohexanes by catalytic hydrogenation of diamino-toluenes with hydrogen at temperatures of from 150.degree. to 260.degree. C. and an H.sub.2 pressure of from 20 to 500 bar, use is made of reduced support-free catalysts which are produced from pressed powders of cobalt, manganese, copper and alkaline earth metal (hydr)oxides, with or without a content of at least one (hydr)oxide of metals of transition group V and/or VI of the Periodic Table of the Elements (Mendeleev).

Abstract: In the preparation of a mixture of cyclohexylamine and dicyclohexylamine by catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temperature and elevated H.sub.2 pressure, use is made of reduced, support-free catalysts which comprise pressed element (hydr)oxide powders of Co, Mn, alkaline earth metals and element (hydr)oxide powders of elements of transition groups V and/or VI of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: To prepare a mixture of cyclohexylamine and dicyclohexylamine by catalytic hydrogenation of aniline at elevated temperature and elevated H.sub.2 pressure, the catalyst system used comprises two reduced, unsupported catalysts A and B which are prepared from pressed element (hydr)oxide powders. Catalyst A comprises one or more of Fe, Co, Ni, also Mn, Cu and one or more of Ca, Sr, Ba. Catalyst B comprises one or more of Fe, Co, Ni, also Mn, Si and Mg.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of aliphatic .alpha.,.omega.-diols of 4 to 12 carbon atoms from aliphatic .alpha.,.omega.-dicarboxylic acids of 4 to 12 carbon atoms, an oligo ester is first of all formed from diol and dicarboxylic acid and is subsequently subjected to catalytic hydrogenation in the liquid phase. The hydrogenation is carried out continuously at from 180.degree. to 250.degree. C. and at an H.sub.2 pressure of from 100 to 400 bar over a catalyst in piece form comprising compressed powders of Cu, Zn and Al oxides which do or do not contain at least one oxide of metals of the iron group of the Periodic Table of the Elements (Mendeleev) or of manganese. The quantity of H.sub.2 is from 20 to 100 times the stoichiometrically required quantity.

Abstract: A Pd catalyst in which an .alpha.- or .gamma.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 as support is first treated with at least one compound of the rare earth metals and with at least one compound of manganese and then with at least one palladium compound is suitable for the preparation of a mixture of optionally substituted cyclohexylamine and optionally substituted dicyclohexylamine by hydrogenation of a correspondingly substituted aniline.

Abstract: Optionally substituted cyclohexylamine and optionally substituted dicyclohexylamine can be obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of optionally substituted aniline, a catalyst being employed which contains ruthenium, palladium or a mixture of both metals, which are applied to a support of niobic acid or tantalic acid or a mixture of both. The catalyst contains the noble metal(s) in a total amount from 0.05 to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the catalyst. In the case of the use of both noble metals, their weight ratio to one another is 1:9-9:1.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a trichlorobenzene by chlorination of o-dichlorobenzene in the presence of a catalyst is disclosed. The catalyst comprises aluminum chloride. Preferably an iron or iron chloride containing aluminum chloride catalyst is employed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-chlor-4-nitrotoluene is disclosed by chlorination of 4-nitrotoluene in the presence of iodine. The resultant 2-chloro-4-nitrotoluene is a valuable intermediate for the preparation of herbicides.

Abstract: 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene is prepared by the isomerization of other trichlorobenzenes at an elevated temperature after the addition of aluminum trichloride and formic acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 4-nitrothioanisole comprising successively in a single vessel and without intermediate isolation reacting 4-nitrochlorobenzene with Na.sub.2 S.sub.2, then with an alkaline Na.sub.2 S solution and with a methylating agent. Advantageously the reactions are effected in methanol or aqueous methanol, the reactions with Na.sub.2 S.sub.2 and Na.sub.2 S are carried out at a temperature between about 50.degree. to 70.degree. C., the Na.sub.2 S.sub.2 is formed in situ in about 20% excess from Na.sub.2 S and sulphur, the Na.sub.2 S solution is rendered alkaline with sodium methylate or sodium hydroxide, and methylation is effected with methyl chloride at about 27.degree. to 35.degree. C. The product is produced in such high yield and purity that it can be employed directly for chlorination, without extensive purification, to produce insecticide intermediates.

Abstract: 4-Novel hydroxyanthrones of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.11 and R.sup.17 are as set forth in the specification. AND A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 4-HYDROXYANTHRONES WHEREIN (2-HALOGENO-METHYL)-PHENYL HALOFORMATES OF THE FORMULA ##STR2## wherein R.sup.5 -R.sup.7 are as set forth in the specification are reacted, with an aromatic carbocyclic compound of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are as set forth in the specification in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, optionally in a solvent, at a temperature in the range of from 0.degree. to 300.degree. C.