Abstract: The present invention relates to a new method of preparation of metalated bacteriochlorophyll derivatives for use in methods of in vivo photodynamic therapy (PDT) and diagnosis and in vitro photodynamic killing of viruses and microorganisms, and to some novel metal-substituted bacteriochlorophyll derivatives.

Abstract: A calender includes a roll stack that has two end rolls and at least one intermediary roll, wherein the end rolls each have a deflection compensation device that acts in the direction of the intermediary roll. At least one end roll has an additional deflection compensation device that acts in the direction away from the intermediary roll. On the side of the at least one end roll which is remote from the intermediary roll is disposed a supplementary roll. This calender is able to carry out a matte satination operation without being fixed as to roll-specific pressures, which pressures must be of a precise magnitude so as to compensate for the deflection of the intermediary rolls.

Abstract: A calendar wherein a bottom roll and a deformable top roll flank one or more intermediate rolls is operated in such a way that the shape of the top roll is caused to conform to that of the adjacent intermediate roll before the nip of the top roll with the adjacent roll is narrowed. At least the top roll is heated to enhance the satinizing effect upon paper webs without unduly affecting the specific volume of treated material. It is further proposed to subject the bottom roll to preliminary deformation and/or to heat the bottom roll and/or one or more intermediate rolls.

Abstract: A guard at the inlet side of the nip of two rolls in a calender or a like machine has an elongated support which is mounted in the machine frame for movement toward and away from the rolls at the inlet side of the nip. The support carries two elongated strips each of which is adjacent one of the rolls and has several sections. The support carries discrete moving mechanisms for the sections of each strip regardless of whether the sections are discrete sections or such sections form parts of a one-piece strip. This renders it possible to select and alter the width of the entire clearance between each strip and the periphery of the respective roll regardless of eventual deformation of the support and/or of the rolls.

Abstract: Apparatus which winds a running web onto a driven takeup reel employs a distancing roller which is spaced apart from the outermost convolution of growing roll on the reel and is moved away from the reel at a rate which is proportional to the rate of growth of the roll so that its spacing from the outermost convolution of the roll remains unchanged. A suction generating device is provided to evacuate air from a substantially gusset-shaped space which is defined by the outermost convolution of the growing roll and the web portion which advances from the distancing roller to the roll. This reduces the likelihood of entrapment of air between neighboring convolutions of the roll on the takeup reel.

Abstract: A calender wherein the bearings for the end portions of the uppermost roll carry pressure transducers in the form of inflatable plenum chambers or hydraulic cylinder and piston units operable to bear against the lower end faces of vertical feed screws which are axially movably mounted in the support to move the bearings through distances of up to 800 mm. The pressure transducers can shift the bearings for the uppermost roll through distances of up to 25 mm, and they are movable transversely of the respective feed screws or vice versa to compensate for manufacturing tolerances, wear and/or unequal stresses. The lowermost roll is normally held at a predetermined level by a pair of fluid-operated motors which urge the respective bearings against the undersides of stops provided therefor on the support.

Abstract: A calender wherein the end portions of the lowermost roll of the roll train was mounted for movement along vertical guide rails on the stand. The lowermost roll is movable upwardly by two upright hydrostatic cylinder and piston units with plungers whose axes are coplanar with the axis of the lowermost roll. When the cylinder and piston units lift the lowermost roll to operative position, shoulders on the bearings abut against stationary stops on the stand and the stops are disposed only at one side of the common plane of the aforementioned axes so that the bearings tend to jam against the adjacent portions of the guide rails as soon as the shoulders engage the respective stops. The jamming action is enhanced if the stops are remote from the aforementioned plane and if the guide rails have T-shaped heads which are slidable in complementary T-shaped grooves of the bearings. The stops are installed at the level of the axis of the lowermost roll.