Abstract: The device for manufacturing glass, in which bubble formation on precious metal components is prevented, has a precious or refractory metal wall (12, 43) at least partially surrounding a glass melt from which the glass is made, a first electrode pair (20, 21) for measuring oxygen partial pressure at an interface between the glass melt and the wall to obtain an actual value, a second electrode pair (12, 43, 20) for measuring an oxygen partial pressure in the glass melt to obtain a set point value and a regulating system (39, 45) for adjusting the oxygen partial pressure at the interface according to a comparison between the actual value and the set point value, so that the oxygen partial pressure at the interface is within a safe range.

Abstract: The float glass apparatus has a glass melt producing unit including a melting tank and a refining tank for the glass melt, a float tank including a metallic basin and metal bath contained in the basin, conducting devices for conducting the glass melt from the glass melt producing unit to the metal bath and auxiliary devices as needed. In order to minimize bubble defects and extend service life of apparatus parts made from platinum or a platinum alloy, the apparatus includes a device for minimizing direct current flowing between the glass melt producing unit and the float tank, which includes an auxiliary electrode connected with ground and located in the glass melt producing unit in electrical contact with the glass melt and a direct electrical connection between the metallic basin of the float tank and ground.

Abstract: The device for manufacturing glass, in which bubble formation on precious metal components is prevented, has a precious or refractory metal wall (12, 43) at least partially surrounding a glass melt from which the glass is made, a first electrode pair (20, 21) for measuring oxygen partial pressure at an interface between the glass melt and the wall to obtain an actual value, a second electrode pair (12, 43, 20) for measuring an oxygen partial pressure in the glass melt to obtain a set point value and a regulating system (39, 45) for adjusting the oxygen partial pressure at the interface according to a comparison between the actual value and the set point value, so that the oxygen partial pressure at the interface is within a safe range.

Abstract: In the case of a method for manufacturing glass, with which molten glass is enclosed at least partially by precious metal walls or refractory metal walls, and with which the oxygen partial pressure of the molten glass is influenced by a treatment means to prevent disturbances, gas bubbles or other disturbances often form as a result of over-compensation. This over-compensation can be prevented by locating at least one probe (20) for determining the oxygen partial pressure at the interface—or close to the interface—of the glass melt and metal wall, and by regulating the influencing of the oxygen partial pressure in a safe range of the oxygen partial pressure with the treatment means using a regulating system (39, 45).

Abstract: The float glass apparatus has a glass melt producing unit including a melting tank and a refining tank for the glass melt, a float tank including a metallic basin and metal bath contained in the basin, conducting devices for conducting the glass melt from the glass melt producing unit to the metal bath and auxiliary devices as needed. In order to minimize bubble defects and extend service life of apparatus parts made from platinum or a platinum alloy, the apparatus includes a device for minimizing direct current flowing between the glass melt producing unit and the float tank, which includes an auxiliary electrode connected with ground and located in the glass melt producing unit in electrical contact with the glass melt and a direct electrical connection between the metallic basin of the float tank and ground.

Abstract: In the method of making glass a glass melt is formed from starting materials in a melt apparatus, which includes at least one metal part having a metal surface in contact with the glass melt in a first region of the glass melt having a predetermined oxygen partial pressure. This method includes suppressing oxygen bubble formation in the glass melt at a contacting surface between the metal surface and the glass melt; immersing an electrode in a second region of the glass melt not including the first region, which has a lower oxygen partial pressure than in the first region, and electrically conductively connecting the electrode and the at least one metal part. An apparatus for performing the method is also described as well as glasses made by the method.

Abstract: A float glass apparatus typically includes a float tank for a metal bath, the metal bath, a glass melt producing unit, which includes a melting tank for making a glass melt and a refining, tank for degassing the glass melt, and conducting devices for conducting the glass melt from the glass melt producing unit to the metal bath of the float tank and auxiliary devices as needed. In order to minimize bubble defects and extend service life of Pt units by a suitable electrical device the float tank with the metal bath is connected electrically with ground and at least one auxiliary electrode is connected with ground and put in electrical contact with the glass melt in the melting tank.

Abstract: In the case of a method for manufacturing glass, with which molten glass is enclosed at least partially by precious metal walls or refractory metal walls, and with which the oxygen partial pressure of the molten glass is influenced by a treatment means to prevent disturbances, gas bubbles or other disturbances often form as a result of over-compensation. This over-compensation can be prevented by locating at least one probe (20) for determining the oxygen partial pressure at the interface—or close to the interface—of the glass melt and metal wall, and by regulating the influencing of the oxygen partial pressure in a safe range of the oxygen partial pressure with the treatment means using a regulating system (39, 45).

Abstract: An apparatus for making glass in which a glass melt is refined in a vessel with oxygen is described. It includes a melt-containing vessel (10) having a refining region (3) for refinement of the glass melt and a noble metal member for producing oxygen in the melt. The noble metal member (40) has an outer side facing the glass melt and an inner side facing away from the glass melt washed with and acted on with oxygen. Oxygen-containing bubbles are vigorously generated on the outer side of the noble metal member facing the glass melt when the inner side is washed with the oxygen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for reducing the adhesion tendency during the hot forming of a glass body, using at least two moulds, which are positioned on either side of the glass body and are brought into contact with the glass body at a temperature, at which the glass is deformable, whereby the moulds are configured with electrically conductive surfaces. The disadvantage of existing methods and devices is that the moulds have a tendency to adhere to the glass body to be formed and that the surface quality of the glass is impaired. The invention therefore discloses a method, according to which the conductive surfaces of the moulds that come into contact with the glass body are supplied with an alternating current. The device for carrying out said method has electrically conductive mould surfaces, which are connected to an alternating current source. This guarantees that a larger processing window is available as a result of the reduced adhesion tendency, i.e.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for suppressing the formation of oxygen gas bubbles at the contact interface between a glass melt and a component of a glass melting arrangement with this component being made of a precious metal. This component is especially the precious metal lining of a feed channel. The characterization “precious metal” includes in this context: platinum, gold, rhenium, all other metals of the platinum group, the alloys of the above-mentioned metals and the above-mentioned metals and alloys in dispersion oxide enhanced form. The occurrence of gas bubbles at the phase boundary between precious metal and the glass melt has been known for some time without effective measures having been suggested up until now to improve significantly the quality and yield of the generated glass products, particularly because precious metal parts have to be arranged in the glass manufacture downstream of the usual purification devices with which gas bubbles can be removed from the melt.

Abstract: In the method of making glass a glass melt is formed from starting materials in a melt apparatus, which includes at least one metal part having a metal surface in contact with the glass melt in a first region of the glass melt having a predetermined oxygen partial pressure. This method includes suppressing oxygen bubble formation in the glass melt at a contacting surface between the metal surface and the glass melt; immersing an electrode in a second region of the glass melt not including the first region, which has a lower oxygen partial pressure than in the first region, and electrically conductively connecting the electrode and the at least one metal part. An apparatus for performing the method is also described as well as glasses made by the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring device to measure the oxygen partial pressure, in particular, glass melts, comprising a platinum measuring electrode and a reference electrode arrangement. The reference electrode arrangement is placed in an outer pipe and contains a platinum reference electrode. The electrode protrudes into an oxygen-conducting solid electrolyte, through which an oxygen-containing reference gas flows. For ion-conducting contact with the melt, a rod-shaped contact element of oxygen-ion conducting material is inserted into the open lower end of the outer pipe. This contact element is immersed in the melt. To prevent the inflow of environmental vapors into the measuring space through leaks at this connecting point, the actual measuring arrangement is placed in a liner pipe of oxygen-ion conducting material whose lower end is in ion-conducting contact with the contact element by way of an oxygen-ion conducting powdered material.