Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a financial transaction system using individual distribution keys based on multi-party computation. The financial transaction system includes at least: a private key pieces generation unit dividing an individual private key corresponding to a user and generating private key pieces; an individual distribution key generation unit generating the individual distribution key corresponding to the user by using some of individual private key pieces shared with one or more other users and some of the plurality generated individual private key pieces; and a signature unit signing with the individual distribution key of the user, in which when a verification is performed by combining a signature value signed by the individual distribution key of the user and a signature value signed by individual distribution keys of one or more other users, the transaction is concluded between the users who sign.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a multi-party computation based digital signature apparatus, which includes at least: an individual private key generation unit generating an individual private key corresponding to a user; an individual private key pieces generation unit dividing the generated individual private key and generating pieces; an individual distribution key generation unit generating an individual distribution key corresponding to the user by using some of shared individual private key pieces of other users and some of the generated individual private key pieces; and a common public key generation unit generating a common public key by using the individual distribution keys of one or more other users and the individual distribution key of the user, and the individual private key of each user is broken to pieces, and then some of the broken individual private keys are shared for each user again to generate the individual distribution key.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a third insulating pattern and a first insulating pattern on a substrate, the third insulating pattern and the first insulating pattern being spaced apart from each other in a first direction that is perpendicular to the substrate such that a bottom surface of the third insulating pattern and a top surface of the first insulating pattern face each other, a gate electrode between the bottom surface of the third insulating pattern and the top surface of the first insulating pattern, and including a first side extending between the bottom surface of the third insulating pattern and the top surface of the first insulating pattern, and a second insulating pattern that protrudes from the first side of the gate electrode by a second width in a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic authentication system and method of supporting multi-signature. The method includes: designating a user group including a plurality of users to participate in multi-signature; further including a virtual user in the user group according to a predetermined policy or a request of one or two or more users of the plurality of users; generating a communication channel for communication with the user group; receiving a public key for each user of the user group through the communication channel, and sharing the received public key with the user or virtual user of the user group; and sharing a local signature generated by the user of the user group through the communication channel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reproducing MIDI (music instrument digital interface) music based on synchronization information are provided. MIDI performance information is detected from a musical score and/or MIDI data. Synchronization information, which contains real performance onset time information on an onset time at which each of all notes included in the MIDI performance information is estimated to be performed, is generated from the MIDI performance information or a predetermined synchronization information file. MIDI music is reproduced based on a real MIDI performance table, which is generated by matching the MIDI performance information and the synchronization information. Accordingly, even if musical trainees do not have real performance sound played by a desired player, they can reproduce and listen to the player's performing music with only a small amount of score information and synchronization information.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for designating performing notes based on synchronization information are provided. After detecting meta score information from a musical score or MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) data to be performed, note position information for all notes included in an electronic score is generated based on the musical score or the meta score information. By utilizing the note position information and synchronization information, which includes the sync performance time at which each note is to start to be performed, performing notes are designated on the electronic score at each time synchronized. The synchronization information may be generated from the meta score information or the MIDI data, or may be read from a synchronization information file stored in advance. Alternatively, the synchronization information may be generated in real time by analyzing live input sound.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reproducing MIDI (music instrument digital interface) music based on synchronization information are provided. MIDI performance information is detected from a musical score and/or MIDI data. Synchronization information, which contains real performance onset time information on an onset time at which each of all notes included in the MIDI performance information is estimated to be performed, is generated from the MIDI performance information or a predetermined synchronization information file. MIDI music is reproduced based on a real MIDI performance table, which is generated by matching the MIDI performance information and the synchronization information. Accordingly, even if musicla trainees do not have real performance sound played by a desired player, they can reproduce and listen to the player's performing music with only a small amount of score information and synchronization information.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for designating performing notes based on synchronization information are provided. After detecting meta score information from a musical score or MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) data to be performed, note position information for all notes included in an electronic score is generated based on the musical score or the meta score information. By utilizing the note position information and synchronization information, which includes the sync performance time at which each note is to start to be performed, performing notes are designated on the electronic score at each time synchronized. The synchronization information may be generated from the meta score information or the MIDI data, or may be read from a synchronization information file stored in advance. Alteratively, the synchronization information may be generated in real time by analyzing live input sound.