Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for obtaining a plurality of model representations of predictive models, each model representation associated with a respective user and expresses a respective predictive model, and selecting a model implementation for each of the model representations based on one or more system usage properties associated with the user associated with the corresponding model representation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on one or more computer storage devices, for training predictive models. Multiple training data records are received that each include an input data portion and an output data portion. A training data type is determined that corresponds to the training data. For example, a training data type can be determined by inputting the output data portions into one or more trained predictive classifiers. In other example, the training data type can be determined by comparison of the output data portions to data formats. Based on the determined training data type, a set of training functions are identified that are compatible with the training data of the determined training data type. The training data and the identified set of training functions are used to train multiple predictive models.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on one or more computer storage devices, for training predictive models. Multiple training data records are received that each include an input data portion and an output data portion. A training data type is determined that corresponds to the training data. For example, a training data type can be determined by inputting the output data portions into one or more trained predictive classifiers. In other example, the training data type can be determined by comparison of the output data portions to data formats. Based on the determined training data type, a set of training functions are identified that are compatible with the training data of the determined training data type. The training data and the identified set of training functions are used to train multiple predictive models.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for obtaining a plurality of model representations of predictive models, each model representation associated with a respective user and expresses a respective predictive model, and selecting a model implementation for each of the model representations based on one or more system usage properties associated with the user associated with the corresponding model representation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on one or more computer storage devices, for training predictive models. Multiple training data records are received that each include an input data portion and an output data portion. A training data type is determined that corresponds to the training data. For example, a training data type can be determined by inputting the output data portions into one or more trained predictive classifiers. In other example, the training data type can be determined by comparison of the output data portions to data formats. Based on the determined training data type, a set of training functions are identified that are compatible with the training data of the determined training data type. The training data and the identified set of training functions are used to train multiple predictive models.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for presenting content based on information detected in real time includes: receiving first information corresponding to detection of at least attendance at a physical location; selecting, in real time with the detection, at least one winning bid based on the first information, the at least one winning bid conditioned on the first information meeting an attendance criterion; and providing at least one winning content item associated with the selected winning bid to a content presentation device at the physical location.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for training a plurality of different types of predictive models using training data, wherein each of the predictive models implements a different machine learning technique. One or more weights are obtained wherein each weight is associated with an answer category in the plurality of examples. A weighted accuracy is calculated for each of the predictive models using the one or more weights.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for score normalization. One of the methods includes receiving initial training data, the initial training data comprising initial training records, each initial training record identifying input data as input and a category as output. The method includes generating a first trained predictive model using the initial training data and a training function. The method includes generating intermediate training records by inputting input data of the initial training records to a second trained predictive model, the second trained predictive model generated using the training function, each intermediate training record having a score. The method also includes generating a score normalization model using a score normalization training function and the intermediate training records.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for presenting content based on information detected in real time includes: receiving first information corresponding to detection of at least attendance at a physical location; selecting, in real time with the detection, at least one winning bid based on the first information, the at least one winning bid conditioned on the first information meeting an attendance criterion; and providing at least one winning content item associated with the selected winning bid to a content presentation device at the physical location.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for obtaining a plurality of model representations of predictive models, each model representation associated with a respective user and expresses a respective predictive model, and selecting a model implementation for each of the model representations based on one or more system usage properties associated with the user associated with the corresponding model representation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for score normalization. One of the methods includes receiving initial training data, the initial training data comprising initial training records, each initial training record identifying input data as input and a category as output. The method includes generating a first trained predictive model using the initial training data and a training function. The method includes generating intermediate training records by inputting input data of the initial training records to a second trained predictive model, the second trained predictive model generated using the training function, each intermediate training record having a score. The method also includes generating a score normalization model using a score normalization training function and the intermediate training records.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for score normalization. One of the methods includes receiving initial training data, the initial training data comprising initial training records, each initial training record identifying input data as input and a category as output. The method includes generating a first trained predictive model using the initial training data and a training function. The method includes generating intermediate training records by inputting input data of the initial training records to a second trained predictive model, the second trained predictive model generated using the training function, each intermediate training record having a score. The method also includes generating a score normalization model using a score normalization training function and the intermediate training records.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on one or more computer storage devices, for training predictive models. Multiple training data records are received that each include an input data portion and an output data portion. A training data type is determined that corresponds to the training data. For example, a training data type can be determined by inputting the output data portions into one or more trained predictive classifiers. In other example, the training data type can be determined by comparison of the output data portions to data formats. Based on the determined training data type, a set of training functions are identified that are compatible with the training data of the determined training data type. The training data and the identified set of training functions are used to train multiple predictive models.

Abstract: A system includes a computer(s) coupled to a data storage device(s) that stores a training data repository and a predictive model repository. The training data repository includes retained data samples from initial training data and from previously received data sets. The predictive model repository includes at least one updateable trained predictive model that was trained with the initial training data and retrained with the previously received data sets. A new data set is received. A richness score is assigned to each of the data samples in the set and to the retained data samples that indicates how information rich a data sample is for determining accuracy of the trained predictive model. A set of test data is selected based on ranking by richness score the retained data samples and the new data set. The trained predictive model is accuracy tested using the test data and an accuracy score determined.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on one or more computer storage devices, for training a predictive model. In one aspect, a method includes receiving over a network predictive modeling training data from a client computing system. The training data and multiple training functions obtained from a repository of training functions are used to train multiple predictive models. A score is generated for each of the trained predictive models, where each score represents an estimation of the effectiveness of the respective trained predictive model. A first trained predictive model is selected from among the trained predictive models based on the generated scores. Access to the first trained predictive model is provided over the network.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for training a plurality of different types of predictive models using training data, wherein each of the predictive models implements a different machine learning technique. One or more weights are obtained wherein each weight is associated with an answer category in the plurality of examples. A weighted accuracy is calculated for each of the predictive models using the one or more weights.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for obtaining a plurality of model representations of predictive models, each model representation associated with a respective user and expresses a respective predictive model, and selecting a model implementation for each of the model representations based on one or more system usage properties associated with the user associated with the corresponding model representation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on one or more computer storage devices, for training a predictive model. In one aspect, a method includes receiving over a network predictive modeling training data from a client computing system. The training data and multiple training functions obtained from a repository of training functions are used to train multiple predictive models. A score is generated for each of the trained predictive models, where each score represents an estimation of the effectiveness of the respective trained predictive model. A first trained predictive model is selected from among the trained predictive models based on the generated scores. Access to the first trained predictive model is provided over the network.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes receiving, in a system of one or more computers, training data for predictive modeling, the training data including a plurality of categories; determining, by the system, one or more attributes of the training data; identifying, by the system in a mapping of attributes to types of predictive models, a type of predictive model that is mapped to at least one of the one or more attributes; obtaining a utility function for the predictive model of the identified type, the utility function specifying importance of the plurality of categories relative to each other; and generating, based on the training data and the utility function, a predictive model of the identified type.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on one or more computer storage devices, for training predictive models. Multiple training data records are received that each include an input data portion and an output data portion. A training data type is determined that corresponds to the training data. For example, a training data type can be determined by inputting the output data portions into one or more trained predictive classifiers. In other example, the training data type can be determined by comparison of the output data portions to data formats. Based on the determined training data type, a set of training functions are identified that are compatible with the training data of the determined training data type. The training data and the identified set of training functions are used to train multiple predictive models.