Abstract: The invention concerns improvements to a folding ladder consisting of two angle section uprights arranged facing one another, of which the surfaces perpendicular to the plane of the ladder carry two longitudinal ribs provided with facing perforations, receiving pivots for articulating rungs to enable them to be folded. Three essential points are improved: holding the ladder to the wall, the electric release system for opening the ladder, the correct placement of the system of release of the ladder at the different vertical points from which the whole ladder can be directed manually or electrically to open.

Abstract: Elements to be assembled to form in situ a temporary stair, from a pair of planks (1,1') or longitudinally sawn boards, or identical cross-section, intended for serving as stringers and which elements consist of steps (2), identical with one another, the steps being self-locking one by means of another onto and against the planks (1,1'), with the exception of the top step which has to be wedged against these planks (1,1'); each step (2) rests, at each side at the front, on the upper edge of a plank and, at the rear, is brought against the lower edge of the plank by a pair of flats (14,14') terminating in a hook (16) and mounted freely pivotal in the step placed next above.

Abstract: A step ladder with rungs which can be retracted and transformed, without dismantling, into a folded ladder and an extension ladder.

Abstract: Apparatus for use as a stairway, stepladder and the like has a pair of upper stringers and a pair of lower stringers, all connected at one end to a top structure; and a series of treads, each of which is pivoted to the upper and lower stringers. The axes of articulation associated with the upper stringers are offset vertically from those associated with the lower stringers so that the stringers may be swung about their points of connection with the top structure, without the treads deviating from the horizontal into a horizontal position of the stringers, in which the upper stringers rest on the lower stringers. Support elements are articulated to the top structure, and an automatic latching apparatus is provided to interconnect the support members with the stringers.