Abstract: Polymer foams comprising macropores, the macropores having average cross sections of above 500 nm, are obtainable by reacting one or more epoxy resins with one or more amphiphilic epoxy resin hardeners in water in a phase inversion polymerization, where, during the phase inversion polymerization, but after phase inversion has taken place, a volume increase of the internal voids which form initially, and which are present predominantly as micropores having average cross sections of below 500 nm, is induced such that the fraction of the macropores—relative to the entirety of micropores and macropores present in the polymer foam—at the end of the phase inversion polymerization is above 50% by volume. Polymer foams of the present invention are suitable for use as acoustic insulation materials in means of transport and in industrial and plant construction.

Abstract: Polymer foams comprising macropores, the macropores having average cross sections of above 500 nm, are obtainable by reacting one or more epoxy resins with one or more amphiphilic epoxy resin hardeners in water in a phase inversion polymerization, where, during the phase inversion polymerization, but after phase inversion has taken place, a volume increase of the internal voids which form initially, and which are present predominantly as micropores having average cross sections of below 500 nm, is induced such that the fraction of the macropores—relative to the entirety of micropores and macropores present in the polymer foam—at the end of the phase inversion polymerization is above 50% by volume. Polymer foams of the present invention are suitable for use as acoustic insulation materials in means of transport and in industrial and plant construction.

Abstract: Disclosed are ionic liquids that have a low melting point. Said liquids are provided in the form of compounds that are selected among the group comprising tetraalkyl ammonium salts, benzyl trialkyl ammonium salts, tetraalkyl phosphonium salts, and benzyl trialkyl phosphonium salts, provided that at last two alkyl groups represent aliphatic radicals with chain lengths ranging from 8 to 10 C atoms, and provided that not all alkyl radicals are identical.

Abstract: A process for suppressing the foaming properties of a cleaning product by adding to the cleaning product a foam-suppressing additive consisting of polyethylene glycol ethers corresponding to formula IR.sub.1 O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --R.sub.2 (I)wherein R.sub.1 is a long-chain branched alkyl or alkenyl radical, R.sub.2 is an alkyl radical containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms and n is a number from 4 to 9, and wherein the radical R.sub.1 O is derived from an alcohol mixture consisting of at least 45 mol percent of an equimolar isomer mixture of 2-hexyl-1-dodecanol and 2-octyl-1-decanol and 0 to 55 mol percent of 2-hexyl-1-decanol.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions containing special aminopropionic acid derivatives and co-oligomers based on fatty crotonates are suitable for the oiling of leather. The leathers thus treated are distinguished by high resistance to washing and cleaning and by impermeability to water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of concentrated mono- and/or disalt dispersions of .alpha.-sulfofatty acids by sulfonation of saturated fatty acids and/or fatty acid mixtures with sulfur trioxide, surfactants being added during the neutralization stage to improve the flowability of the dispersions.

Abstract: The use of mixed hydroxyethers of the general formula IR.sup.1 O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x --CH.sub.2 --CH(OH)R.sup.2 (I)in whichR.sup.1 denotes an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atomsR.sup.2 denotes an alkyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms and x denotes a number in the range from 1 to 20 as auxiliaries for the dehydration of water-containing finely divided solids, gives solids having a low water content without foaming in the water separated therefrom.

Abstract: A dyeing aid composition containing 1 to 60% by weight of a surfactant selected from (a) C.sub.8-24 alkyl or alkenyl alcohol sulfate, C.sub.14-18 alkane sulfonate and C.sub.10-14 alkyl benzenesulfonate; (b) castor oil containing 20-50 mols ethylene oxide, alkoxylated C.sub.8-24 alkyl or alkenyl alcohols, and alkoxylated C.sub.8-12 alkylphenols; from about 1 to about 25% by weight of sulfated hydroxyalkyl alkylpolyalkylene glycol ether corresponding to formula I ##STR1## in which R is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl radical, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.6-8 alkyl radical, M is an alkali metal or, ammonium cation, n=2 or 3 and x is a number of about 2 to about 10; and from about 1 to about 30% by weight of C.sub.

Abstract: Short-chain polyethlene glycol ethers corresponding to the formula:R.sup.1 --O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --R.sup.2wherein:R.sup.1 is a linear or branched C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 alkyl or alkenyl radical,R.sup.2 is a C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 alkyl radical, andN is an integer of from 2 to 6,are used as foam-inhibiting additives for low-foam cleaning compositions.

Abstract: Foam-depressing additives comprising polyethyleneglycol ethers of formula IR.sup.1 --O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --R.sup.2 (I)in which R.sup.1 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical with 6 to 13 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents an alkyl radical with 1 to 3 carbon atoms and n is a number from 2 to 6, for low-foam, preferably sprayable cleaning agents.

Abstract: The invention is cleaning compositions containing Polyethylene-glycol ethers of the formulaR.sub.1 --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --R.sub.2 (1)in whichR.sub.1 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl- or alkenyl radical having from 20 to 28 carbon atomsR.sub.2 is an alkyl radical having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms and n is an integer from about 6 to about 20as a foam-suppressing additive. The cleaning compositions are stable over a broad temperature range and having low foaming characteristics particularly at about ambient temperatures.

Abstract: Terminally blocked polyethoxylated fatty alcohols of the formula:R--O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --R.sup.1 (I)wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having from 6 to 28 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is a linear alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and n is an integer having a value of from 2 to 12 are used as anti-foaming additives in the manufacture and/or processing of food stuffs as well as in fermentation processes.

Abstract: Long-chain hydroxyalkyl ether amines corresponding to the general formulaR.sup.1 --CHOH--CH.sub.2 --(O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --).sub.X NR.sup.2 R.sup.3are suitable as wetting agents for textile products of all kinds and are distinguished by particularly low-foaming behavior. In the formula, R.sup.1 is a linear C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another represent a linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl radical, and x is a number of 3 to 20.

Abstract: Sulfated hydroxyalkyl polyethylene glycol and hydroxyalkyl polypropylene glycol ethers corresponding to general formula (II) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a linear C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl radical,R.sup.2 is a linear or branched, saturated C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 alkyl radical,R.sub.3 is hydrogen or a linear C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl radical,R.sup.4 is hydrogen or a methyl group,M represents hydrogen, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium, in which the alkyl and alkanol radicals each contain from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a monovalent metal atom, andn is a number of 1 to 30,with the proviso that the total number of carbon atoms in R.sup.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: Hydroxyalkyl polyethylene glycol and hydroxyalkyl polypropylene glycol ethers of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a linear C.sub.6 -C.sub.16 alkyl radical, R.sup.2 is a linear or branched, C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 alkyl or alkenyl radical, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or a methyl group, and n is a number of from 0 to 30, and to mixtures of several such compounds. Also, a process for the preparation of these hydroxy ethers, wherein epoxides are reacted with alcohol alkoxylates at an elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst and in an inert gas atmosphere. The compounds or their mixtures are used as foam inhibiting additives in low-foam cleaning preparations.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of hydroxyalkyl polyethylene glycol ethers corresponding to the following general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a linear C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl radical,R.sup.2 is a linear or branched C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 alkyl radical,R.sup.3 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl radical andn is a number of 7 to 30with the proviso that the total number of carbon atoms in R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 is 6 to 16, and mixtures thereof in rinse aid compositions for dishwashing machines in addition to other additives typically used in rinse aids.

Abstract: Alkylaminopolyethylene glycol ethers corresponding to the following formula ##STR1## in which R represents a C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkyl or alkenyl radical, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and represent a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl radical and the indices m and n are the same or different and represent a number of from 3 to 20, with the proviso that the sum of m and n is from 5 to 25, are suitable as foam inhibitors for detergent preparations. The foam inhibitors are stable to strong alkalis and strong acids and may be used in concentrations of from 10 to 2500 ppm.

Abstract: Hydroxyalkyl polyethylene glycol ethers corresponding to the formula ##STR1## in which X is R.sup.3 --CHOH--CHR.sup.4 --(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n --, R.sup.1 is a linear or branched C.sub.1-6 alkyl, R.sup.2 =R.sup.1 or X, R.sup.3 is a straight-chain C.sub.6-18 alkyl, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-8 alkyl, and and n is an average number of from 3 to 20, with the proviso that the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is from 6 to 18, are suitable for depressing foam in detergent preparations.