Abstract: There is disclosed a method for disrupting biofilm and for inhibiting biofilm formation in an aqueous environment that comprises contacting said environment with an effective amount of D-tagatose.

Abstract: A point-of-use filtering and water treating kit includes a container, a plurality of membrane-type filter elements and a filter basket to support the filter elements during use. The filter elements are contained within a reclosable package that is fitted within the container during storage. At least one ladle or other drinking cup is also contained within the container to provide a complete assembly for producing potable water. In use, the package containing the filter elements is removed from the container and a single filter element is placed in the filter basket. The filter basket is nested in the top end of the container and the water to be filtered is poured through the filter element. The filtered and purified water is collected within the container. In one embodiment, the filter elements contain a purifying agent, disinfectant or antimicrobial agent impregnated within the filter element to treat the water as the water is being filtered.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for preventing or minimizing biodegradation of a substance which normally contains a naturally occurring optical isomer which comprises replacing the naturally occurring optical isomer with the corresponding unnatural optical isomer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for disrupting biofilm and for inhibiting biofilm formation in an aqueous environment that comprises contacting said environment with an effective amount of D-tagatose.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for disrupting biofilm and for inhibiting biofilm formation in an aqueous environment that comprises contacting said environment with an effective amount of D-tagatose.

Abstract: A method for increasing the fertility of a female mammal comprising administering to said female mammal an efficacious amount of tagatose.

Abstract: A method for promoting cardiovascular health of a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to said mammal an efficacious amount of tagatose to raise the HDL level of said mammal.

Abstract: A method for increasing the fertility of a female mammal comprising administering to said female mammal an efficacious amount of tagatose.

Abstract: A method for increasing the fertility of a female mammal comprising administering to said female mammal an efficacious amount of tagatose. A method for promoting healthy fetal development in a pregnant female mammal which comprises administering to said mammal an efficacious amount of tagatose. A method for increasing the birth weight of a fetus in a pregnant female mammal which comprises administering to said mammal an efficacious amount of tagatose. A method for reducing excessive food intake of a pregnant female mammal which comprises administering to said mammal an efficacious amount of tagatose.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the blood factors of a mammal comprising administering to a mammal in need of such enhancement an efficacious amount of tagatose.

Abstract: A composition and method for killing insect larvae, in particular, fly larvae, in poultry houses, manure piles, or other sites of habitation are disclosed. The composition consists of one or more C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 aliphatic carboxylic acids or alkali metal, alkaline earth, ammonia, primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary ammonium salts in an acceptable formulation for larvacides. The formulation may be applied dry, as an aerosol, or in aqueous or organic solvents.

Abstract: This invention discloses edible formulations and pharmaceutical compositions containing D-tagatose and the effect of consumption of such formulations on blood level of glucose. D-Tagatose was found to be an anti-hyperglycemic agent. In addition, consumption of D-tagatose in sweetened formulations to inhibit formation of advanced glycosylation end-products in mammals is disclosed. The combination of the anti-hyperglycemic effect and the inhibition of formation of glycosylated proteins and nucleic acids make D-tagatose an ideal agent for alleviating the complications resulting from hyperglycemia, including acceleration of the aging process.

Abstract: This invention discloses the usefulness of D-tagatose as a treatment for hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, and the inhibition of formation of advanced glycosylation end-products associated with the aging process.This invention discloses edible formulations and pharmaceutical compositions containing D-tagatose and the effect of consumption of such formulations on blood level of glucose. D-Tagatose was found to be an anti-hyperglycemic agent. In addition, consumption of D-tagatose in sweetened formulations to inhibit formation of advanced glycosylation end-products in mammals is disclosed. The combination of the anti-hyperglycemic effect and the inhibition of formation of glycosylated proteins and nucleic acids make D-tagatose an ideal agent for alleviating the complications resulting from hyperglycemia, including acceleration of the aging process.

Abstract: Free flowing, substantially pure, non-hygroscopic crystalline .beta.-L-gulopyranose is disclosed. This crystalline form of L-gulose is characterized by a sharp melting point of 130.degree.-132.degree. C., a specific optical rotation of +40.degree., characteristic mutarotation, a characteristic X-ray powder diffraction pattern, and a characteristic infrared spectrum. A method for preparation of crystalline .beta.-L-gulopyranose from L-gulose syrup is also disclosed. This method involves dilution of the L-gulose syrup, followed by initiation of crystallization, and isolation of .beta.-L-gulopyranose crystals. Crystalline .beta.-L-gulopyranose may be used as an alternative non-caloric or reduced caloric sweetener which substitutes for sucrose or dextrose in commercial dry prepared mixes for making beverages, cakes, puddings, breads, and the like. In addition, crystalline .beta.

Abstract: Free flowing, substantially pure, non-hygroscopic, crystalline .beta.-D-gulopyranose is disclosed. This crystalline form of D-gulose is characterized by a sharp melting point of 130.degree.-132.degree. C., a specific optical rotation of -40.degree. and characteristic mutarotation. A method for preparation of crystalline .beta.-D-gulopyranose from D-gulose syrup is also disclosed. This method involves dilution of the D-gulose syrup, followed by initiation of crystallization, and isolation of .beta.-D-gulopyranose crystals. Crystalline .beta.-D-gulopyranose may be used as an excipient, a chelating agent, a pharmaceutical intermediate, a cleaning agent for glass and metals, a food additive, and as an additive for detergents.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for killing pests, especially insects, which comprises exposing the pests to, and permitting said pests to ingest, a substance which is either not transported or which is poorly transported across the digestive tract membranes of the pests.

Abstract: There is disclosed an activated sludge wastewater treatment process which comprises aerating a mixed liquor comprising phosphate-containing influent wastewater and activated sludge in an aeration or high-purity oxygen zone to reduce the BOD/COD content of the wastewater and to cause the microorganisms present to take up phosphate. A phosphate-enriched sludge in which the phosphorus is present primarily in the sludge solids is separated from the mixed liquor to provide a substantially phosphate-free effluent. At least a portion of said phosphate-enriched sludge is passed to a phosphate pre-stripping zone, either in a separate tank or within the phosphate stripper tank itself, where BOD/COD-containing water, or feedwater, containing at least 50 mg/L of BOD, is added to poise the sludge organisms to begin enhanced rapid release of dissolved phosphate by pre-stripping it from the sludge or poising the sludge for rapid, enhanced release of phosphate. Then, the sludge is passed to a phosphate stripping zone.

Abstract: There is disclosed a device for conducting a microbiological radiorespirometric assay. The device comprises a support member which includes a plurality of pairs of chambers. One chamber in each pair contains a radioactive labeled substrate which is capable of being metabolized by at least some microorganisms to yield a radioactive gas. The other chamber in each pair contains a means for collecting radioactive gas. The two chambers in each pair are in communication with each other by means of a passageway, which opens into each of said chambers at the upper portion thereof. There is also disclosed a method for determining whether microorganisms contained in a sample material will metabolize a radioactive labeled substrate in the device. The method comprises placing said material in contact with a radioactive labeled substrate, collecting any gas which is evolved, exposing a photosensitive material to said collected gas and determining if a spot is produced on said photosensitive material.

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with a variety of methods for preparing various L-hexose monosaccharides and organoleptic testing in regard to the sweetness of these saccharides. The disclosure is further concerned with the use of these L-hexose monosaccharides as sweetening agents in a wide variety of foodstuffs and other edible formulations. The L-hexose monosaccharides disclosed include L-glucose, L-allose, L-fructose, L-gulose, L-galactose, L-altrose, L-idose, L-talose, L-tagatose and L-psicose.

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with a variety of methods for preparing various L-hexose monosaccharides and organoleptic testing in regard to the sweetness of these saccharides. The disclosure is further concerned with the use of these L-hexose monosaccharides as sweetening agents in a wide variety of foodstuffs and other edible formulations. The L-hexose monosaccharides disclosed include L-glucose, L-allose, L-fructose, L-gulose, L-galactose, L-altrose, L-idose, L-talose, L-tagatose and L-psicose.