Abstract: An enhancement cavity includes a plurality of focusing mirrors, at least one of which defines a central aperture having a diameter greater than 1 mm. The mirrors are configured to form an optical pathway for closed reflection and transmission of the optical pulse within the enhancement cavity. Ring-shaped optical pulses having a peak intensity at a radius greater than 0.5 mm from a central axis are directed into the enhancement cavity. Accordingly, the peak intensity of the optical pulse is distributed so as to circumscribe the central apertures in the apertured mirrors, and the mirrors are structured to focus the pulse about the aperture toward a central spot area where the pulse is focused to a high intensity.

Abstract: An enhancement cavity includes a plurality of focusing mirrors, at least one of which defines a central aperture having a diameter greater than 1 mm. The mirrors are configured to form an optical pathway for closed reflection and transmission of the optical pulse within the enhancement cavity. Ring-shaped optical pulses having a peak intensity at a radius greater than 0.5 mm from a central axis are directed into the enhancement cavity. Accordingly, the peak intensity of the optical pulse is distributed so as to circumscribe the central apertures in the apertured mirrors, and the mirrors are structured to focus the pulse about the aperture toward a central spot area where the pulse is focused to a high intensity.

Abstract: A portable, modular transcranial magnetic stimulation device comprises a power supply unit, an energy storage unit, a charge recovery unit, a control unit, and at least one stimulation coil unit. The power supply unit generates specified voltages from a low voltage supply. The energy storage unit stores voltage received from the power supply unit until it is needed to generate a stimulation pulse and preferably includes discharge circuitry for discharging the stored voltage. The stimulation coil unit stores energy received from the energy storage unit as a strong current for application of magnetic stimulation to a patient. The charge recovery unit converts energy stored as current in the stimulation coil unit back to energy stored as voltage in the energy storage unit. The control unit controls the operation of the power supply unit, the energy storage unit, and the charge recovery unit. Biphasic, multiphasic, and monophasic stimulators may be implemented.