Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining characteristics of orifices (O1, . . . , O9) to be made through a plate (2) positioned in a circuit (10) across the fluid passage. Said method comprises defining fluid data, the number of orifices, and for each orifice a control segment or area. The fluid flow rate through each orifice of the perforated plate is calculated, and for each orifice, the flow rate density is calculated by dividing said fluid flow rate by the associated control segment length or control area. The optimized or non-optimized nature of the orifice characteristic is determined by comparing said flow rate density with the mean flow rate density. If the difference in absolute value lies within a predetermined range of values, then the orifice characteristics are considered as being optimized. Otherwise at least one characteristic of at least some of the orifices is modified.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar surface receptor module that operates at a high temperature and comprises a channel (101) extending therethrough and along which a heat transfer occurs between a fluid (liquid or gas) moving in said channel (101) and at least one wall (104) of the receptor exposed to concentrated solar radiation, characterized in that the inner surface (105) of at least said wall includes turbulence-generating actuators (110) at the fluid inlet (102). The present invention also relates to a solar receptor therefor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar system for providing volumetric energy reproducing the effect of a combustion flame for a high-temperature industrial process, characterized in that it comprises: a solar receiver exposed to concentrated solar radiation, in which heat transfer fluid (liquid or gas) is brought to high temperature; at least one high-temperature chamber in which said high-temperature industrial process is performed; injection means of the heat transfer fluid in the form of a gas jet reproducing a combustion flame in the at least one high-temperature chamber. The present invention also relates to a process for providing volumetric energy reproducing the effect of a combustion flame for this purpose.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining characteristics of orifices (O1, . . . , O9) to be made through a plate (2) positioned in a circuit (10) across the fluid passage. Said method comprises defining fluid data, the number of orifices, and for each orifice a control segment or area. The fluid flow rate through each orifice of the perforated plate is calculated, and for each orifice, the flow rate density is calculated by dividing said fluid flow rate by the associated control segment length or control area. The optimized or non-optimized nature of the orifice characteristic is determined by comparing said flow rate density with the mean flow rate density. If the difference in absolute value lies within a predetermined range of values, then the orifice characteristics are considered as being optimized. Otherwise at least one characteristic of at least some of the orifices is modified.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for collecting solar energy (1), characterized in that it includes at least one solar receiver (2) including at least one suspension of solid particles fluidized by a gas, each suspension circulating between an inlet and an outlet of the receiver (2), wherein the volume of particles is between 40% and 55% of the volume of the suspension, and the average size of the particles is between 20 and 150 ?m.

Abstract: An element for processing solar radiation includes means for processing solar radiation forming a layer of the solar radiation processing element and includes a layer of radiation-emitting material, especially infrared radiation, covering the layer of the processing means. A sun tracker includes at least one processing element and a solar farm includes a series of sun trackers, each comprising a processing element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar system for providing volumetric energy reproducing the effect of a combustion flame for a high-temperature industrial process, characterised in that it comprises: a solar receiver exposed to concentrated solar radiation, in which heat transfer fluid (liquid or gas) is brought to high temperature; at least one high-temperature chamber in which said high-temperature industrial process is performed; injection means of the heat transfer fluid in the form of a gas jet reproducing a combustion flame in the at least one high-temperature chamber. The present invention also relates to a process for providing volumetric energy reproducing the effect of a combustion flame for this purpose.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for collecting solar energy (1), characterized in that it includes at least one solar receiver (2) including at least one suspension of solid particles fluidized by a gas, each suspension circulating between an inlet and an outlet of the receiver (2), wherein the volume of particles is between 40% and 55% of the volume of the suspension, and the average size of the particles is between 20 and 150 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar surface receptor module that operates at a high temperature and comprises a channel (101) extending therethrough and along which a heat transfer occurs between a fluid (liquid or gas) moving in said channel (101) and at least one wall (104) of the receptor exposed to concentrated solar radiation, characterized in that the inner surface (105) of at least said wall includes turbulence-generating actuators (110) at the fluid inlet (102). The present invention also relates to a solar receptor therefor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing hydrogen that comprises a hydrolysis step (C) of solid SnO for producing hydrogen, in which the hydrogen thus produced is stored, recovered and/or upgraded, and in which the solid SnO used is obtained by the following steps: (A) thermal reduction of SnO2 into SnO in conditions yielding gaseous SnO; and (B) cooling the gaseous SnO thus produced to a temperature lower than or equal to % 50° C. The invention also relates to devices and equipments for implementing said method.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for producing carbon black or carbon containing compounds by converting a carbon containing feedstock, comprising the following steps: generating a plasma gas with electrical energy, guiding the plasma gas through a venturi, whose diameter is narrowing in the direction of the plasma gas flow, guiding the plasma gas into a reaction area, in which under the prevailing flow conditions generated by aerodynamic and electromagnetic forces, no significant recirculation of feedstock into the plasma gas in the reaction area recovering the reaction products from the reaction area and separating carbon black or carbon containing compounds from the other reaction products.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for producing carbon black or carbon containing compounds by converting a carbon containing feedstock, comprising the following steps: generating a plasma gas with electrical energy, guiding the plasma gas through a venturi, whose diameter is narrowing in the direction of the plasma gas flow, guiding the plasma gas into a reaction area, in which under the prevailing flow conditions generated by aerodynamic and electromagnetic forces, no significant recirculation of feedstock into the plasma gas in the reaction area recovering the reaction products from the reaction area and separating carbon black or carbon containing compounds from the other reaction products.

Abstract: Continuous process for the production of carbon-based nanotubes, nanofibres and nanostructures, comprising the following steps: generating a plasma with electrical energy, introducing a carbon precursor and/or one or more catalysers and/or carrier plasma gas in a reaction zone of an airtight high temperature resistant vessel optionally having a thermal insulation lining, vaporizing the carbon precursor in the reaction zone at a very high temperature, preferably 4000° C.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for producing carbon black or carbon containing compounds by converting a carbon containing feedstock, comprising the following steps: generating a plasma gas with electrical energy, guiding the plasma gas through a venturi, whose diameter is narrowing in the direction of the plasma gas flow, guiding the plasma gas into a reaction area, in which under the prevailing flow conditions generated by aerodynamic and electromagnetic forces, no significant recirculation of feedstock into the plasma gas in the reaction area recovering the reaction products from the reaction area and separating carbon black or carbon containing compounds from the other reaction products.