Abstract: A process of oxidation or reduction of organic substrates by an indirect electrochemical route is described. During oxidation, the electrochemical stage produces a metallic oxide having higher valence such as RuO.sub.2, NiOOH, which is applied to an inert conductor support. The supported metallic oxide of higher valence is separated from the aqueous electrolyte and is then placed in contact with the pure organic material to be reacted on. The metallic oxide in this manner is reduced to a lower valence and is subjected to a new electrochemical oxidation after the residues of the organic material are removed. The process consists of a cyclic repetition of these stages. The process of reduction of organic substrates is analogous and is carried out by means of the hydrogen of hydrides formed through a cathodic charge by electrolysis of an aqueous solution.

Abstract: Substituted arylamine dye intermediates and their preparation are disclosed.

Abstract: 3-Diazonium salts of pyrazole, useful as intermediates in the preparation of azo dyes are obtained by an oxidative diazotization of 3-amino-pyrazolines with nitrous acid or with nitrosyl-sulphuric acid. The 3-diazonium salts of pyrazole have the following structure: ##STR1## wherein: X is a radical --CO-- or --COO--,n is 0 or 1,R is hydrogen (in such case n is always 0), a normal or ramified alkyl C.sub.1 --C.sub.4, an aromatic or heterocyclic, optionally substituted, radical, in particular a phenyl radical having the structure: ##STR2## in which m may vary from 0 to 3 and substituents R.sub.3, either like or unlike one another for m>1, are alkyls C.sub.1 --C.sub.4 with linear or ramified chain, halogens, a cyano, nitro, sulphonic or carboxylic group, carboxyesters having a linear or ramified chain C.sub.1 --C.sub.4, alkoxyls having a linear or ramified chain C.sub.1 --C.sub.4, trifluoro-methyl groups, acylamino groups having a linear or ramified aliphatic chain C.sub.1 --C.sub.