Abstract: A process for preparing graphene oxide includes the steps of subjecting an aqueous dispersion of a graphite to an exfoliation step by high shear mixing at a mixing speed equal to or greater than 3000 rpm and to an oxidation step with an oxidizing agent selected from hydrogen peroxide, potassium hydroxide and mixtures thereof, wherein the graphite exfoliation step can precede, follow or be conducted together with the oxidation step. Also related is the use of the graphene oxide thus obtained to impart antimicrobial properties to rubber articles.

Abstract: There are mixtures containing calixarenes of formula (I) with a reduced alkyl phenol and linear oligomer content and a preparation process thereof: wherein: a. R is selected between a linear or branched alkyl having a number of carbon atoms comprised between 4 and 40, more preferably between 4 and 24, even more preferably comprised between 8 and 18; b. n is the number of units of the calixarene cycle and is comprised in the range from 4 to 16, preferably between 4 and 12. Furthermore, there are detergent compositions containing overbased metal salts of calixarenes, a preparation process thereof, and a use thereof in lubricant compositions.

Abstract: A friction reducing additive is described formed by a mixture that is obtainable by autocatalytic condensation reaction of fatty acids with alkanolamines. The mixture includes an amide, one or more esters of carboxylic acids, and an oxazoline in an amount greater than 7% by weight with respect to the total weight of the mixture, wherein the additive may be used both in lubricants and in fuels.

Abstract: A method for the assessment of the dispersing capacity of new and used lubricating compositions, in particular for internal combustion engines, and of additives for lubricating compositions, comprises the steps of: providing a homogeneous dispersion of at least one carbonaceous particulate in a composition to be tested, consisting of a lubricating composition or a fraction or component thereof; acquiring at least one micrographic image of a sample of said homogeneous dispersion, deposited on an observation support; calculating the lacunarity of the acquired image as a parameter representative of the degree of dispersion of the particulate in the composition.

Abstract: There are mixtures containing calixarenes of formula (I) with a reduced alkyl phenol and linear oligomer content and a preparation process thereof: wherein: a. R is selected between a linear or branched alkyl having a number of carbon atoms comprised between 4 and 40, more preferably between 4 and 24, even more preferably comprised between 8 and 18; b. n is the number of units of the calixarene cycle and is comprised in the range from 4 to 16, preferably between 4 and 12. Furthermore, there are detergent compositions containing overbased metal salts of calixarenes, a preparation process thereof, and a use thereof in lubricant compositions.

Abstract: A lipophilic copolymer including polar multi-blocks having general formula (I): [(ByAk)s]t(AjCm)??(I) wherein: B represents at least one monomer unit deriving from a lipophilic monomer having general formula (II): wherein: X represents a hydrogen atom; or a methyl group; R is selected from C1-C50 alkyl groups, linear or branched; A represents at least one monomer unit deriving from a polar monomer selected from: (a) compounds having general formula (III): wherein X represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and n represents an integer comprised between 0 and 4; (b) (meth)acrylamide or (meth)acrylamides substituted on the nitrogen atom with one or two C1-C4 alkyl groups linear or branched; (c) di-(C1-C4)-alkylamino-(C1-C4)-alkyl (meth)acrylates; C represents at least one monomer unit deriving from a polar polyfunctional monomer having general formula (IV): Z—(W)p??(IV) wherein: Z represents a group containing carbon, hydrogen and, optionally, oxygen;

Abstract: The invention relates to an integrated process for the production of fuel components starting from materials of a biological origin which comprises: (A) transformation of glycerine into an alkoxy-propanediol having formula RO—CH2—CHOH—CH2OH, wherein R is a linear or branched C1-C8 alkyl, (B) transformation of glycerine into 1,2-propanediol CH3—CHOH—CH2OH, (C) dehydration of the 1,2-propanediol obtained in (B) to propionic aldehyde, (D) reaction of part of the propionic aldehyde obtained in (C) with the alkoxy-propanediol having formula RO—CH2—CHOH—CH2OH obtained in (A) to give an acetal having formula (a) wherein R is a linear or branched C1-C8 alkyl, (E) transformation of part of the propionic aldehyde obtained in (C) to a propionate having formula CH3—CH2—COOR?, wherein R? is a linear or branched C1-C8 alkyl. Particular components for gasolines and/or diesel are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing cyclic acetals having general formula (I) wherein Y and Y?, equal to or different from each other, are selected from H and a group OR, R being a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, comprising at least the following phases: (i) providing a reaction mixture comprising at least one vicinal diol having formula (II) Z—CH2—CHOH—CH2OH wherein Z is selected from H and a group OR?, R? being a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, said mixture being substantially free of aldehydes having general formula RI—CHO, wherein RI is a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, possibly substituted by an alkoxide group OR111, wherein RIII is an alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; (ii) thermally treating said reaction mixture at a temperature within the range of 100° C.-300° C. in the presence of at least one acid catalyst, obtaining said compound having formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing cyclic acetals having general formula (I) wherein Y and Y?, equal to or different from each other, are selected from H and a group OR, R being a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, comprising at least the following phases: (i) providing a reaction mixture comprising at least one vicinal diol having formula (II) Z—CH2-CHOH—CH2OH wherein Z is selected from H and a group OR?, R? being a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, said mixture being substantially free of aldehydes having general formula R1—CHO, wherein R1 is a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, possibly substituted by an alkoxide group OR111, wherein RIII is an alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; (ii) thermally treating said reaction mixture at a temperature within the range of 100° C.-300° C. in the presence of at least one acid catalyst, obtaining said compound having formula (I).

Abstract: The invention relates to an integrated process for the production of fuel components starting from materials of a biological origin which comprises: (A) transformation of glycerine into an alkoxy-propanediol having formula RO—CH2—CHOH—CH2OH, wherein R is a linear or branched C1-C8 alkyl, (B) transformation of glycerine into 1,2-propanediol CH3—CHOH—CH2OH, (C) dehydration of the 1,2-propanediol obtained in (B) to propionic aldehyde, (D) reaction of part of the propionic aldehyde obtained in (C) with the alkoxy-propanediol having formula RO—CH2—CHOH—CH2OH obtained in (A) to give an acetal having formula (a) wherein R is a linear or branched C1-C8 alkyl, (E) transformation of part of the propionic aldehyde obtained in (C) to a propionate having formula CH3—CH2—COOR?, wherein R? is a linear or branched C1-C8 alkyl. Particular components for gasolines and/or diesel are also described.

Abstract: The object of the present invention relates to a composition that can be used as fuel comprising: at least one hydrocarbon mixture at least one hydrophobic ketal or acetal of glycerine. Said composition can be advantageously used as fuel for diesel or gasoline engines.