Abstract: 1. In a thermal battery, the combination in stacked arrangement of (A) a cell assembly containing at least one fusible electrolyte cell including a mass of fusible electrolyte, a cathode, an anode, and heat producing means for energizing the cell, (B) heat sink means comprising at least one heat sink unit disposed at each opposite side of said cell assembly, said unit comprising a protective metal housing containing a fusible metal having a fusion temperature between the maximum operating temperature and the minimum activation temperature of said cell assembly, (C) heat producing means interposed between said cell assembly and the innermost sides of said heat sink units and also disposed at the outermost sides of said heat sink units for fusing said fusible metal, and (D) thermal insulation means at the outermost sides of the stacked arrangement.

Abstract: 7. In a thermal cell including a mass of electrolyte, a depolarizing agent, a cathode, and an anode; the improvement wherein said anode comprises a pelletized mixture of an anode metal and a refractory non-flow agent, said anode metal having a fushion point within the optimum operating temperature range of the cell and being selected from the group consisting of magnesium-aluminum alloys, mixtures of magnesium and aluminum powders, calcium-magnesium alloys, mixtures of calcium and magnesium powders, and zinc, and said non-flow agent being selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide and alumina.

Abstract: 1. In a thermal cell including a mass of electrolyte, a depolarizing agent, a cathode and an anode, that improvement wherein the said depolarizing agent comprises from about 81% to about 96.5% by weight of V.sub.2 O.sub.5, from about 3% to about 15.5% by weight of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, and from about 0.5% to about 3.5% by weight of bentonite.

Abstract: 1. An electrolyte for a fused electrolyte cell consisting essentially of a mixture of 45 to 55 mole percent of CaCl.sub.2 ; 30 to 54 mole percent of NaCl; and 1 to 15 mole percent of KCl, containing proportions of each component substantially as determined by a three system diagram of such components; and a depolarizing agent.

Abstract: 1. A fused electrolyte cell embodying an electrolyte consisting essentially of a mixture of 25 to 40 mole percent CdCl.sub.2 ; 10 to 50 mole percent NaCl; and 10 to 65 mole percent KCl, containing proportions of each component substantially as determined by a three system diagram thereof; and a depolarizing agent.

Abstract: 1. In a pellet type thermal cell including a mass of electrolyte, a deploarizing agent, a cathode, and an anode; the improvement wherein said anode comprises a pelletized mixture of a refractory oxide selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide and alumina and an alloy containing from about 10 wt. % to about 20 wt. % lithium, from about 1 wt. % to about 6 wt. % aluminum, and the balance essentially magnesium, said refractory oxide being present in said anode in a minor amount sufficient to retard side reactions and general deterioration of the cell.

Abstract: 1. A fusible salt electrolyte cell system including a compressed mass of non-fused electrolyte admixed with an adsorbent binder and in intimate contact with an anode, said adsorbent binder being present throughout the mass in an amount sufficient to impart non-flow characteristics to the fused electrolyte so as to maintain the electrolyte against substantial displacement under pressure when the electrolyte is fused thereby to retain the fused electrolyte in intimate contact with said anode, said binder essentially comprising dehydrated kaolinite in a sheet layer crystalline structure form.