Abstract: An electrode for an electrochemical cell includes an electroactive material and an electrolyte that includes a lithium-salt additive and a solvent. The electroactive material is represented by: xLi2MnO3·(1?x)LiMO2 where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of: nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and combinations thereof and 0.01?x?0.99. The solvent is selected from the group consisting of: ethylene carbonate (EC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), tetramethylene sulfone (TMS), ethyl methyl sulfone (EMS), acetonitrile (AN), butyronitrile (BN), and combinations thereof. The electrolyte includes between about 0.001 wt. % and about 10 wt. % of the lithium-salt additive and has an overall salt concentration between about 0.1 mol/L and about 10 mol/L.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrochemical cell includes an electroactive material and an electrolyte. The electroactive material is represented by: xLi2MnO3·(1?x)LiMO2 where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of: nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and combinations thereof and 0.01?x?0.99. The electrolyte includes a solvent system that includes a solvent and greater than or equal to about 1 vol. % to less than or equal to about 90 vol. % of a diluent. The diluent includes tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE), 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), or a combination of tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE).

Abstract: Catalyst systems that are resistant to high-temperature sintering and methods for preparing such catalyst systems that are resistant to sintering at high temperatures are provided. Methods of forming such catalyst systems include contacting a support having a surface including a catalyst particle with a solution comprising a metal salt and having an acidic pH. The metal salt is precipitated onto the surface of the support. Next, the metal salt is calcined to selectively generate a porous coating of metal oxide on the surface of the support distributed around the catalyst particle.

Abstract: A method for forming an electrode for an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions is provided. The method includes contacting a precursor electroactive material and a conductive material to a polymeric solution including a first solvent and a binder material to form a first admixture; applying a mixing force to the first admixture to form a first mixture; drying the first mixture to form a plurality of electroactive material agglomerates, each agglomerate including an electroactive material particle in contact with the conductive material via the binder material; contacting the plurality of electroactive material agglomerates to a second solvent to form a second admixture, the binder material being insoluble in the second solvent; applying a mixing force to the second admixture to form a second mixture; and disposing the second mixture on or near one or more surfaces of a current collector to form the electrode.

Abstract: An electroactive material for an electrochemical cell is provided. The electroactive material includes a plurality of lithium-rich, manganese-rich layered electroactive material particles, where at least a portion of the lithium-rich, manganese-rich layered electroactive material particles defining the plurality has a coating that includes an oxygen storage material. The coating that includes the oxygen storage material has an average thickness greater than or equal to about 100 nanometers to less than or equal to about 2 micrometers, and the oxygen storage material is selected from the group consisting of: La(1-x)SrxMnO3 (where 0?x?0.3), La(1-x)SrxFeO3 (where 0?x?0.3), La(1-x)CaxMnO3 (where 0?x?0.3), La(1-x)BaxMnO3 (where 0?x?0.3), LaMnO3, LaFeO3, LaMnO3, LaFeO3, CeO2, CeO2—MnOx (where 3?x?4), CeO2—FeOx (where 2?x?3), CeO2—WO3, CeO2—MoO6, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions is provided. The electrode includes an electroactive material represented by: xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiMO2 where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of: nickel (Ni), manganese, cobalt, aluminum, iron, and combinations thereof and 0.01?x?0.99. The electrode also includes an electrolyte additive selected from the group consisting of: a lithium salt additive, a phosphite-based additive, a phosphate-based additive, a borate-based additive, succinonitrile, magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, calcium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A layered catalyst structure for purifying an exhaust gas stream includes a catalyst support and a rhodium catalyst layer including an atomic dispersion of rhodium ions and/or rhodium atoms adsorbed on an exterior surface of the catalyst support. The catalyst support includes an alumina substrate, a first ceria layer disposed on and extending substantially continuously over the alumina substrate, and a second colloidal ceria layer formed directly on the first ceria layer over the alumina substrate.

Abstract: A positive electrode material is provided. The positive electrode material includes an electroactive material core and an electrochemically active coating that surrounds the electroactive material core. The electroactive material core includes Li1+xM1?xO2, where 0?x?0.5 and M is selected from the group consisting of: nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), and combinations thereof. The electrochemically active coating includes Li1+xM?1?xO2, where 0?x?0.2 and M? is selected from the group consisting of: nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), and combinations thereof. The electrochemically active coating is a distinct composition from the electroactive material core.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions. The electrochemical cell includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode includes a positive electroactive material and a lithiation additive blended with the positive electroactive material. The lithiation additive includes a lithium-containing material and one or more metals. The lithium-containing material is represented by LiX, where X is hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), fluorine (F), phosphorous (P), or sulfur (S). The one or more metals are selected from the group consisting of: iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), and combinations thereof. The negative electrode may include a volume-expanding negative electroactive material.

Abstract: A battery cell monitoring system includes: a battery cell including an electrode stack disposed within a case; a gas sensor disposed within, attached to or connected to the case and configured to detect levels of one or more gases within the case; and a gas monitoring circuit connected to the gas sensor. The gas monitoring circuit includes: a memory that stores data collected from the gas sensor; a transceiver configured to transfer the data to a network device separate from the battery cell; and a control module that monitors the levels of one or more gases and based on the levels of the one or more gases detects (i) an issue with the battery cell during operative use of the battery cell, (ii) an issue with the battery cell during formation of the battery cell, or (iii) completion of a formation operation of the battery cell.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of preparing a coated electroactive material. The method includes providing a plurality of particles including an electroactive material. The method further includes coating the plurality of particles with a conductive polymer. The coating includes preparing a solution of water and the conductive polymer. The coating further includes forming a slurry by combining the solution with the plurality of particles. The method further includes drying the slurry to form the coated electroactive material. The coated electroactive material includes the plurality of particles. Each of the plurality of particles is at least partially coated with the conductive polymer. In certain aspects, the present disclosure provides a method of preparing an electrode including the coated electroactive material.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions. The electrochemical cell includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode includes a positive electroactive material and a lithiation additive blended with the positive electroactive material. The lithiation additive includes a lithium-containing material and one or more metals. The lithium-containing material is represented by LiX, where X is hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), fluorine (F), phosphorous (P), or sulfur (S). The one or more metals are selected from the group consisting of: iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), and combinations thereof. The negative electrode may include a volume-expanding negative electroactive material.

Abstract: A lithium transition metal oxide electrode including an additional metal is provided herein as well electrochemical cells including the lithium transition metal oxide electrode and methods of making the lithium transition metal oxide electrode. The lithium transition metal oxide electrode includes a first electroactive material including Li1+aNibMncMdO2, where 0.05?a?0.6; 0.01?b?0.5; 0.1?c?0.9; zero (0)?d?0.3; b+c+d=1 or a+b+c+d=1; and M represents an additional metal, such as W, Mo, V, Zr, Nb, Ta, Fe, Al, Mg, Si, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A lithium transition metal oxide electrode including an additional metal is provided herein as well electrochemical cells including the lithium transition metal oxide electrode and methods of making the lithium transition metal oxide electrode. The lithium transition metal oxide electrode includes a first electroactive material including Li1+aNibMncCodMeO2, where 0.05?a?0.5; 0.1?b?0.5; 0.3?c?0.8; 0?d?0.3; 0.001 ?e?0.1; a+b+c+d+e=1, and M represents an additional metal, such as W, Mo, V, Zr, Nb, Ta, Fe, Al, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Methods for preparing catalytic systems include passivating a gamma-phase alumina support body to yield a theta-phase alumina support body and applying catalytic metal to passivated theta-phase alumina support body. Passivating can include heating, optionally in the presence of steam. The gamma-phase alumina can be lanthanum-doped gamma-phase alumina and can be about 0.1-55 wt. % lanthanum. The catalytic metal can include rhodium, copper, or nickel. The catalytic metal can be rhodium or nickel, and the catalytic metal can be applied to the passivated theta-phase alumina support body at a loading of about 0.1-10 wt. %. The catalytic metal can be copper, and the catalytic metal can be applied to the passivated theta-phase alumina support body at a loading of about 0.1-30 wt. %. The gamma-phase alumina support body can be at least about 90 wt. % gamma-phase alumina. The passivated theta-phase alumina support body can be at least about 80 wt. % theta-phase alumina.

Abstract: A lithium ion battery is provided that includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. One or more of the separator, positive electrode, and negative electrode includes a transition metal compound capable of catalyzing any gaseous reactants formed in the lithium ion battery to form a liquid. The transition metal compound may include ruthenium (Ru). In certain variations, the lithium ion battery includes an electrolyte that is a conductive medium for lithium ions to move between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The electrolyte comprises a transition metal compound capable of catalyzing a reaction of any gaseous reactants to form a liquid.

Abstract: A three-way catalyst device (TWC) includes a first catalytic brick (FCB) and a second catalytic brick (SCB) downstream from the FCB. The FCB has a first washcoat applied to a first support body including ceramic and/or metal oxide particles, Pd particles, and Rh particles, and has at most 35 g/ft3 Pd and at most 7.5 g/ft3 Rh. The SCB has a second washcoat applied to a second support body including ceramic and/or metal oxide particles, Pt particles, and Rh particles, and has a Pt loading of at most 35 g/ft3 Pt and a Rh loading of at most 7.0 g/ft3 Rh. The FCB can have 25 g/ft3 to 35 g/ft3 Pd and 5.5 g/ft3 to 7.5 g/ft3 Rh and the SCB can have 25 g/ft3 to 35 g/ft3 Pt and 5.0 g/ft3 to 7.0 g/ft3 Rh. The TWC can receive exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine powering a vehicle.

Abstract: Methods for preparing catalytic systems include passivating a gamma-phase alumina support body to yield a theta-phase alumina support body and applying catalytic metal to passivated theta-phase alumina support body. Passivating can include heating, optionally in the presence of steam. The gamma-phase alumina can be lanthanum-doped gamma-phase alumina and can be about 0.1-55 wt. % lanthanum. The catalytic metal can include rhodium, copper, or nickel. The catalytic metal can be rhodium or nickel, and the catalytic metal can be applied to the passivated theta-phase alumina support body at a loading of about 0.1-10 wt. %. The catalytic metal can be copper, and the catalytic metal can be applied to the passivated theta-phase alumina support body at a loading of about 0.1-30 wt. %. The gamma-phase alumina support body can be at least about 90 wt. % gamma-phase alumina. The passivated theta-phase alumina support body can be at least about 80 wt. % theta-phase alumina.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of forming an electrode material for use in an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions. The method includes contacting a catalyst precursor with one or more electroactive materials to form a mixture. The catalyst precursor includes one or more metal salts. The method may also include activating the catalyst precursor in the mixture to form an activated mixture including an activated catalyst; and/or contacting one or more carbonaceous materials with the activated mixture to form the electrode material. The electrode material includes one or more electroactive particles that may be carbon coated disposed within a carbonaceous structure.

Abstract: A porous separator for a lithium-containing electrochemical cell is provided herein. The porous separator includes a porous substrate and an active layer comprising lithium ion-exchanged zeolite particles. Methods of manufacturing the porous separator and lithium-containing electrochemical cells including the porous separator are also provided herein.