Abstract: Aspects of this disclosure concern controllers and control methods for applying a drive voltage to bus bars of optically switchable devices such as electrochromic devices. Such devices are often provided on windows such as architectural glass. In certain embodiments, the applied drive voltage is controlled in a manner that efficiently drives an optical transition over the entire surface of the electrochromic device. The drive voltage is controlled to account for differences in effective voltage experienced in regions between the bus bars and regions proximate the bus bars. Regions near the bus bars experience the highest effective voltage. In some cases, feedback may be used to monitor an optical transition. In these or other cases, a group of optically switchable devices may transition together over a particular duration to achieve approximately uniform tint states over time during the transition.

Abstract: An optical apparatus for measurement of industrial chemical processes. The analyzer uses Raman scattering and performs measurement of chemical concentrations in continuous or batch processes. The analyzer operates at a standoff distance from the analyte (or analytes) and can measure concentrations through an optical port, facilitating continuous, non-destructive, and non-invasive analysis without extracting the analyte or analytes from the process. The analyzer can measure one or several solid, liquid, or gaseous analytes, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: An optical apparatus for measurement of industrial chemical processes. The analyzer uses Raman scattering and performs measurement of chemical concentrations in continuous or batch processes. The analyzer operates at a standoff distance from the analyte (or analytes) and can measure concentrations through an optical port, facilitating continuous, non-destructive, and non-invasive analysis without extracting the analyte or analytes from the process. The analyzer can measure one or several solid, liquid, or gaseous analytes, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A pigtail attach system that exhibits little degradation or change in the coupling during curing and minimizes the impact of different thermal expansion coefficients between the fiber and the substrate. It also isolates the fiber-chip connection from external forces transmitted through the fiber by providing a low-moment fiber stake. A cantilever is formed by pigtailing a V-groove fiber array to an optical waveguide chip using index-matched epoxy. Only the endface of the fiber-array and the sidewall of the waveguide chip are involved in the epoxy-bond. The fiber ribbon is staked away from the cantilever to a pedestal structure, which can comprise silicon and/or glass. The fiber ribbon and the layers of the pedestal are attached together using a low-modulus pedestal epoxy.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of locating and repairing dents in motor vehicle panels. The initial step in the method is to locate the dent in the panel. This is done by positioning a magnet and a metal ball on or adjacent to opposite surfaces of the panel so that the magnet and ball attract one another through the panel. The relevant one of the magnet or ball is to the location of the dent on one side of the panel with the result that the other of the magnet or ball moves to the dent on the other side of the panel. The magnet is typically carried by a mechanical pressing tool which can then be used to lever out the dent by working the metal around the dent.