Abstract: This invention automatically shifts the automobile from DRIVE to NEUTRAL when the gas accelerator pedal is fully released. This procedure not only maximizes energy input from gravity on downgrades, but also helps conserve the kinetic energy of moving vehicle in at least three ways. Firstly, rotating and reciprocating friction of the engine is minimized by bringing the engine to idle when power input from the engine is not needed. Secondly, energy losses from pumping lubricating oil and coolant at much higher pressures throughout the engine during high-speed operation are reduced. Thirdly, and most significantly, the compression braking effect of an internal combustion engine at low throttle settings—whereby kinetic energy from the moving vehicle is converted to heat during each energy-consuming compressing stroke—is eliminated.

Abstract: Water and oil base ink are delivered to lithographic plates as a single liquid, a mixture of water and ink, wherein the water is in the form of fine droplets dispersed in the ink. Preferably also, lithographic concentrate is added to the mixture as part of the water content. During a printing run the mixture is automatically resupplied to the printing machine by a level sensor that controls the amount of ink and water and by a pH sensor that controls the concentrate percentage. The proportion of ink and water is controlled by a moisture sensor. The thickness of the film of mixture delivered to the lithographic plate is controlled by a density sensor. A viscosity sensor controls the agitation of the mixture. As few as three rollers are required to deliver the ink-water-concentrate dispersion from a fountain to a lithographic plate.

Abstract: In a lithographic printing apparatus, the rollers that supply ink and/or water to form rollers have a surface with minutely intermixed hydrophilic and oleophilic areas. The amount of water retained by a roller is dependent upon the total of the hydrophilic areas, and the amount of oil-based ink retained by the roller is dependent upon the total of the oleophilic areas. A preselected ratio of oil to water is obtained by selecting the ratio of hydrophilic areas to oleophilic areas.