Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling the precipitation of soluble sodium oxalate in Bayer process liquor which comprises adding a surface active quaternary ammonium compound to the Bayer process liquor and then subsequently adding a mixture of a hydrophobic oil and at least one surfactant.

Abstract: A new and improved method for inhibiting the precipitation of sodium oxalate crystals in a Bayer process liquor is provided. In an embodiment, the method comprises the step of adding to the Bayer process liquor, after red mud separation, a minor effective amount of a liquor oxalate stabilizer selected from hydrocarbon-substituted amine oxide compounds and/or hydrocarbon-substituted betaine compounds.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting the precipitation of sodium oxalate crystals in a Bayer process liquor. The method comprises the step of adding to the Bayer process liquor, after red mud separation and immediately prior to crystallization of alumina trihydrate, or during crystallization of alumina trihydrate, or during classification of alumina trihydrate, an effective amount of a cationic, surface active, alkylammonium salt compound.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: W are selected from alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl;X are selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, substituted sulfamoyl, amino, substituted amino, and the groups formyl and alkanoyl and the oxime, imine and Schiff base derivatives thereof, and an alkylene group which bridges two adjacent carbon atoms of the benzene ring;R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, acyl and an inorganic or organic cation;R.sup.2 is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl and haloalkynyl;R.sup.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: W are selected from alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl;X are selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, substituted sulfamoyl, amino, substituted amino, and the groups formyl and alkanoyl and the oxime and imine derivatives thereof, and an alkylene group which bridges two adjacent carbon atoms of the benzene ring;R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, acyl and an inorganic or organic cation;R.sup.2 is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl and haloalkynyl;R.sup.3 is selected from alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and phenyl;p is zero or an integer selected form 1 to 4;n is zero or an integer selected from 1 to 3; andm is zero or an integer selected from 1 to 3.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: X are selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkynyloxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, substituted sulfamoyl, alkanoyloxy, benzyloxy, substituted benzyloxy, amino, substituted amino, and the groups formyl and alkanoyl and the oxime, imine and Schiff base derivatives thereof;R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, acyl and an inorganic or organic cation;R.sup.2 is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl and haloalkynyl;R.sup.3 is selected from alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and phenyl;R.sup.4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, cyano and alkoxycarbonyl; andn is selected from the integers 1 and 2.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: X are selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkynyloxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, substituted sulfamoyl, alkanoyloxy, benzyloxy, substituted benzyloxy, amino, substituted amino, and the groups formyl and alkanoyl and the oxime, imine and Schiff base derivatives thereof;R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, acyl and an inorganic or organic cation;R.sup.2 is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl and haloalkynyl;R.sup.3 is selected from alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and phenyl;R.sup.4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, cyano and alkoxycarbonyl; andn is selected from the integers 1 and 2.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein Z is selected from hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, and C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkoxy;Y is selected from halogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl and C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkoxy;X is selected from halogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl and C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkoxy and if Y is methyl and Z is hydrogen or methyl then at least one of X is not methyl;R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, acyl and an inorganic or organic cation;R.sup.2 is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl and haloalkynyl;R.sup.3 is selected from alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and phenyl; andm is an integer chosen from 1 to 3.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: X is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, substituted sulfamoyl, amino, substituted amino, and the groups formyl and alkanoyl and the oxime, imine and Schiff base derivatives thereof;R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, acyl and an inorganic or organic cation;R.sup.2 is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl and haloalkynyl;R.sup.3 is selected from alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and phenyl;m is an integer chosen from 3 to 5.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyl, acyl, alkylsulfonyl, benzenesulfonyl, substituted benzenesulfonyl, and an inorganic or organic cation;R.sup.2 is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyl, haloalkenyl and haloalkynyl;R.sup.3 is selected from alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and phenyl; andn is an integer chosen from 2 to 5.The compounds are cereal selective herbicides and in further embodiments of the invention provides processes for the preparation of compounds of formula I, intermediates useful in the preparation of compounds of formula I, herbicidal compositions containing as active ingredient a compound of formula I, and processes for severely damaging or killing unwanted plants by applying to the plants or to the growth medium of the plants an effective amount of a compound of formula I.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: A, B and D are selected from CH and N;E is selected from oxygen and sulfur;X are selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkynyloxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, substituted sulfamoyl, alkanoyloxy, benzyloxy, substituted benzyloxy, phenyl, substituted phenyl, amino, substituted amino, and the groups formyl and alkanoyl and the oxime, imine and Schiff base derivatives thereof;R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, acyl and an inorglanic or organic cation;R.sup.2 is selected from alkyl substituted alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl and haloalkynyl;R.sup.3 is selected from alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and phenyl;R.sup.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: A, B, D and E are selected from CH, N and N-Z wherein Z is selected from oxygen and the group YAn wherein Y is selected from alkyl and benzyl and An is an anion, and provided that no more than three of A, B, D and E are selected from N and N-Z and no more than one of A, B, D and E is selected from N-Z;W is a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbon chain;X and X.sup.1 are independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkynyloxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, substituted sulfamoyl, alkanoyloxy, benzyloxy, substituted benzyloxy, amino, substituted amino and the groups formyl and alkanoyl and the oxime, imine and Schiff base derivatives thereof, or two of X.sup.1 on the same carbon atom may form an oxo group;R.sup.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: X is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, substituted sulfamoyl, amino, substituted amino, and the groups formyl and alkanoyl and the oxime, imine and Schiff base derivatives thereof;R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, acyl and an inorganic or organic cation;R.sup.2 is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl and haloalkynyl;R.sup.3 is selected from alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and phenyl;m is an integer chosen from 3 to 5.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: A is selected from CH and N;B is selected from oxygen, sulfur, CH.sub.2 and the group N-Z wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, benzyl and substituted benzyl;X, which may be the same or different, and X.sup.1, which be the same or different, are selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkynyloxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, substituted sulfamoyl, alkanoyloxy, benzyloxy, substituted benzyloxy, amino, substituted amino, and the groups formyl and alkanoyl and the oxime, imine and Schiff base derivatives thereof;R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, acyl and an inorganic or organic cation;R.sup.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: X are selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkynyloxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, substituted sulfamoyl, alkanoyloxy, benzyloxy, substituted benzyloxy, amino, substituted amino, and the groups formyl and alkanoyl and the oxime, imine and Schiff base derivatives thereof;R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, acyl and an inorganic or organic cation;R.sup.2 is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl and haloalkynyl;R.sup.3 is selected from alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and phenyl;R.sup.4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, cyano and alkoxycarbonyl; andn is the integer 3.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: W are selected from the group consisting of:the groups R.sup.5 --CO-- and R.sup.5 --CS-- wherein: R.sup.5 is selected from alkenyl, alkynyl, benzyl, phenyl, substituted alkyl, substituted alkenyl, substituted alkynyl, substituted benzyl, substituted phenyl and the acetal, hemiacetal, oxime, imine and Schiff base derivatives of the group R.sup.5 --CO--;the groups Y--CO-- and Y--CS-- wherein Y is selected from hydroxy, mercapto, alkylthio and the groups MO-- and MS-- wherein M is an organic or an inorganic cation;the groups R.sup.6 R.sup.7 NCO-- and R.sup.6 R.sup.7 NCS-- wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkanoyl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, benzoyl, benzenesulfonyl, substituted benzoyl, substituted benzenesulfonyl, or R.sup.6 and R.sup.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: m is an integer selected from 1 to 4;n is zero or an integer selected from 1 to 4;x are selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, sulfamoyl, substituted sulfamoyl, amino, substituted amino, the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.p C(.dbd.A)Z in which p is zero or one A is oxygen or sulfur, and Z is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkyl, substituted alkyl, amino or substituted amino; the group --NHC(.dbd.B(NR.sup.7 R.sup.8 in which B is oxygen or sulfur and R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are hydrogen or alkyl;R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, acyl and an inorganic or organic cation;R.sup.2 is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl and haloalkynyl;R.sup.3 is selected from alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and phenyl; andR.sup.4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, cyano and alkoxycarbonyl.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.5 is a bicyclic aryl or nitrogen-containing heteroaryl ring system such as naphthyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl or tetrahydroisoquinolyl, optionally substituted by a wide variety of groups;R.sup.4 and R.sup.1 are preferably hydrogen but may be other groups andR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl and alkynyl, show high general grass-killing activity with good selectivity to many broad-leaf crops and in some instances selectivity to small-grain cereals. Processes for the preparation of compounds of formula I, intermediates in the preparation of compounds I and the herbicidal properties of compounds I are described.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I and isomers thereof ##STR1## wherein: n is an integer selected from 2 to 4;m is zero or an integer selected from 1 to 3;X, which may be the same or different, are independently selected from halogen, alkyl, alkoxy and alkylthio;R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, acyl and an inorganic or organic cation;R.sup.2 is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl and haloalkynyl;R.sup.3 is selected from alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and phenyl; andR.sup.4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, cyano and alkoxycarbonyl.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: Z is selected from oxygen and the group --YAn wherein Y is selected from C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl and benzyl and An is an anion;k is zero or the integer 1;n is an integer selected from 3 and 4;X is selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkynyloxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, substituted sulfamoyl, alkanoyloxy, benzyloxy, substituted benzyloxy, amino, substituted amino and the groups formyl and alkanoyl and the oxime, imine and Schiff base derivatives thereof;R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, acyl and an inorganic or organic cation;R.sup.2 is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl and haloalkynyl;R.sup.3 is selected from alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and phenyl; andR.sup.