Abstract: Paper is made by providing an anionic aqueous emulsion of a size, usually a reactive anhydride size, and mixing it into a cellulosic suspension prior to drainage of the suspension to form a sheet which is then dried to provide paper (including paper board). The emulsion is preferably stabilised wholly or mainly by 0.5 to 30 parts by weight (per part by weight size) of water soluble, anionic, polymeric stabiliser, which is preferably anionic starch. Alternatively, the emulsion may be added to the cellulosic suspension while it is anionic, before mixing retention into it. The emulsion may be added to the cellulosic suspension after cationic retention aid has been added to it, the emulsion being added with, before or after mixing anionic microparticulate material or other anionic bridging aid, prior to drainage of the suspension.

Abstract: Paper is made by providing an anionic aqueous emulsion of a size, usually a reactive anhydride size, and mixing it into a cellulosic suspension prior to drainage of the suspension to form a sheet which is then dried to provide paper (including paper board). The emulsion is preferably stabilised wholly or mainly by 0.5 to 30 parts by weight (per part by weight size) of water soluble, anionic, polymeric stabiliser, which is preferably anionic starch. Alternatively, the emulsion may be added to the cellulosic suspension while it is anionic, before mixing retention into it. The emulsion may be added to the cellulosic suspension after cationic retention aid has been added to it, the emulsion being added with, before or after mixing anionic microparticulate material or other anionic bridging aid, prior to drainage of the suspension.

Abstract: A device (10) for isolating a surface for welding in an underwater location or in high fire risk areas. The device comprises a housing (27) which is arranged to be mounted on the surface and a sealing means (30) to provide a seal between the housing and the surface. The housing (27) is provided with a sealed inlet (50) for receiving a welding apparatus, a fluid inlet (32) for the passage of gas into the housing, and a fluid outlet (34) for the passage of gas and/or liquid out of the housing. A heating means FIG. 3 is not figure) for providing heated gas to the fluid inlet is also provided. In use, an ingress of heated gas through the fluid inlet (32) facilitates an egress of gas and/or liquid, contained in a space defined by the housing and the surface, through the fluid outlet (34) in the housing. In this way an in situ dry gaseous environment is provided for welding the surface.

Abstract: A device (10) for isolating a surface for welding in an underwater location or in high fire risk areas. The device comprises a housing (27) which is arranged to be mounted on the surface and a sealing means (30) to provide a seal between the housing and the surface. The housing (27) is provided with a sealed inlet (50) for receiving a welding apparatus, a fluid inlet (32) for the passage of gas into the housing, and a fluid outlet (34) for the passage of gas and/or liquid out of the housing. A heating means FIG. 3 is not figure) for providing heated gas to the fluid inlet is also provided. In use, an ingress of heated gas through the fluid inlet (32) facilitates an egress of gas and/or liquid, contained in a space defined by the housing and the surface, through the fluid outlet (34) in the housing. In this way an in situ dry gaseous environment is provided for welding the surface.

Abstract: Paper or paper board is made by adding cationic polymeric retention aid to a cellulosic supension, shearing the suspension to degrade the resultant flocs, aggregating the suspension by adding an aqueous composition of bentonite or other anionic bridging coagulant in the presence of anionic dye, pigment or optical brightening agent, and forming paper from the aggregated suspension.

Abstract: A process for the production of stable fluid enzyme dispersions having a content of at least 0.5% by weight enzyme, in which the enzyme is present in the form of anhydrous particles of a diameter less than 30 .mu.m, comprising emulsifying an enzyme composition into a water immiscible liquid in the presence of a polymeric dispersion stabilizer to form a stable dispersion of aqueous enzyme particles having a dry size below 30 .mu.m dispersed in the liquid, and dehydrating the dispersed particles by azeotropic distillation, wherein before, during or after dehydrating the particles the process comprises adding an organic liquid which is less volatile than the water immiscible liquid and which is selected from surfactants and water miscible liquids to the dispersion and distilling the water immiscible liquid from the dispersion until the amount of the initial water immiscible liquid remaining in the dispersion is below 20% by weight of the liquid phase in the dispersion.

Abstract: A mill waste or deinking waste or other suspension containing cellulosic material and hydrophobic material is flocculated by a cationic polymeric flocculant and the flocculated material, is then aggregated by a swelling clay or other anionic colloidal material, optionally further cationic flocculant is added, and the aggregated material is then separated by belt pressing or other pressure filtration as a cake.

Abstract: An audio production console has a plurality of input modules connected between an input and a common output bus. The modules are identical, and contain a plurality of circuits for carrying out functions on a signal from the corresponding input. A central control unit is connected to each of the modules and controls selected circuits of the units, to control the operation of the module. In this way the functions carried out by the modules are freely selectable, and hence the switching of circuits within each module may be simplified. This enables the normal separate monitor section of an audio production console to be omitted from each module, simplifying the module and the operation of the console as a whole.