Abstract: The process is described for recycling a heat-treated solid article including a fluorinated polymer having a fluorinated polymer backbone chain and a plurality of groups represented by formula —SO3Z, wherein Z is independently a hydrogen, an alkali-metal cation, or a quaternary ammonium cation. The heat-treated solid article was previously heated at a temperature of at least 100° C. The process includes heating the heat-treated solid article in the presence of water and base to form a fluorinated polymer salt solution, allowing the fluorinated polymer salt solution to cool, and converting the fluorinated polymer salt solution to fluorinated polymer solution wherein Z is hydrogen by cation exchange.

Abstract: A composite includes a fluorinated polymer and nanoparticles of a metal salt. The metal salt has a solubility product of not more than 1×10?4. The fluorinated polymer includes a fluorinated polymer backbone chain and a plurality of groups represented by formula —SO2X, in which each X is independently —NZH, —NZSO2(CF2)1-6SO2X?, —NZ[SO2(CF2)dSO2NZ]1-10SO2(CF2)dSO2X? or —OZ, and Z is independently a hydrogen, an alkali-metal cation, or a quaternary ammonium cation, X? is independently —NZH or —OZ, and each d is independently 1 to 6. A polymer electrolyte membrane, an electrode, and a membrane electrode assembly including the composite are also provided.

Abstract: The copolymer includes divalent units represented by formula —[CF2—CF2]—, at least one divalent unit represented by formula (I): and at least one divalent unit independently represented by formula (II): A is —N(RFa)2 or a is non-aromatic, 5- to 8-membered, perfluorinated ring comprising one or two nitrogen atoms in the ring and optionally comprising at least one oxygen atom in the ring, each RFa is independently linear or branched perfluoroalkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally interrupted by at least one catenated O or N atom, each Y is independently —H or —F, with the proviso that one Y may be —CF3, h is 0, 1, or 2, each i is independently 2 to 8, and j is 0, 1, or 2. A catalyst ink and polymer electrolyte membrane including the copolymer are also provided.

Abstract: The process produces a fluorinated olefin from a fluorinated copolymer having at least one of sulfonic acid groups, carboxylic acid groups, or salts thereof. The process includes heating the fluorinated copolymer at a first temperature not more than 450° C. to decompose at least one of the sulfonic acid groups, carboxylic acid groups, or salts thereof to form a partially pyrolyzed intermediate and subsequently heating the partially pyrolyzed intermediate at a second temperature of at least 550° C. to produce the fluorinated olefin.

Abstract: Described herein are fluoropolymer compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) wherein X1 is selected from O or S; L is a divalent linking group comprising at least one aromatic ring; O and X2 comprises a carbon-carbon double bond. In one embodiment, the phthalonitrile-containing compound is added to a composition comprising (i) a fluorinated elastomeric gum, wherein the fluorinated elastomeric gum comprises a fluoropolymer having a cure-site and (ii) a peroxide curing system.

Abstract: The copolymer includes divalent units represented by formula —[CF2—CF2]—, divalent units represented by formula; and one or more divalent units independently represented by formula: The copolymer has an —SO2X equivalent weight in a range from 300 to 2000. A polymer electrolyte membrane that includes the copolymer and a membrane electrode assembly that includes such a polymer electrolyte membrane are also provided.

Abstract: Described herein are fluoropolymer compositions comprising a compound of Formula I wherein X1 is selected from O or S; L is a divalent linking group comprising at least one aromatic ring; and X2 is selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a thiol group, and a nitrile group. In one embodiment, the phthalonitrile-containing compound is used to crosslink a dehydrohalogenated polymer, and optionally with a polyhydroxy curative. In another embodiment, the phthalonitrile-containing compound is added to a composition comprising (i) a fluorinated elastomeric gum, wherein the fluorinated elastomeric gum comprises a fluoropolymer having a cure-site and (ii) a peroxide curing system.

Abstract: Described herein are fluoropolymer compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) wherein X1 is selected from O or S; L is a divalent linking group comprising at least one aromatic ring; O and X2 comprises a carbon-carbon double bond. In one embodiment, the phthalonitrile-containing compound is added to a composition comprising (i) a fluorinated elastomeric gum, wherein the fluorinated elastomeric gum comprises a fluoropolymer having a cure-site and (ii) a peroxide curing system.

Abstract: The copolymer includes divalent units represented by formula —[CF2—CF2]—, divalent units represented by formula: (I), and one or more divalent units independently represented by formula: (II) When Z is hydrogen, the copolymer has an alpha transition temperature of up to 100 ?C. The copolymer has an —SO3Z equivalent weight in a range from 300 to 1400, and a variation of the copolymer in which —SO3Z is replaced with —SO2F has a melt flow index of up to 80 grams per ten minutes measured at a temperature of 265° C. and at a support weight of 5 kg. A catalyst ink or polymer electrolyte membrane including the copolymer are also provided.

Abstract: Described herein are fluoropolymer compositions comprising a compound of Formula I wherein X1 is selected from O or S; L is a divalent linking group comprising at least one aromatic ring; and X2 is selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a thiol group, and a nitrile group. In one embodiment, the phthalonitrile-containing compound is used to crosslink a dehydrohalogenated polymer, and optionally with a polyhydroxy curative. In another embodiment, the phthalonitrile-containing compound is added to a composition comprising (i) a fluorinated elastomeric gum, wherein the fluorinated elastomeric gum comprises a fluoropolymer having a cure-site and (ii) a peroxide curing system.

Abstract: Described herein are fluoropolymer compositions comprising a bis phthalonitrile-containing compound. In one embodiment, the bis phthalonitrile-containing compound is used to crosslink a dehydrohalogenated polymer, and optionally with a polyhydroxy curative. In another embodiment, the bis phthalonitrile-containing compound is added to a composition comprising (i) a fluorinated elastomeric gum, wherein the fluorinated elastomeric gum comprises a fluoropolymer having a cure-site and (ii) a peroxide curing system.

Abstract: A method of making a copolymer is disclosed. The method includes copolymerizing components including tetrafluoroethylene and a compound represented by formula CF2?CF—O—(CF2)a—SO2X, wherein “a” is a number from 1 to 4, and X is —NZH, —NZ—SO2—(CF2)1-6—SO2X?, or —OZ, wherein Z is independently a hydrogen, an alkali metal cation, or a quaternary ammonium cation, and wherein X? is independently —NZH or —OZ. The components include at least 60 mole % of tetrafluoroethylene based on the total amount of components. A copolymer prepared by the method is also provided. A method of making a membrane using the copolymer is also provided. The present disclosure also provides a polymer electrolyte membrane that includes a copolymer made by the method and a membrane electrode assembly that includes such a polymer electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: The copolymer includes divalent units represented by formula —[CF2-CF2]—, divalent units represented by formula: (I), and one or more divalent units independently represented by formula: (II) When Z is hydrogen, the copolymer has an alpha transition temperature of up to 100 ?C. The copolymer has an —SO3Z equivalent weight in a range from 300 to 1400, and a variation of the copolymer in which —SO3Z is replaced with —SO2F has a melt flow index of up to 80 grams per ten minutes measured at a temperature of 265° C. and at a support weight of 5 kg. A catalyst ink or polymer electrolyte membrane including the copolymer are also provided.

Abstract: The copolymer includes divalent units represented by formula —[CF2—CF2]—, divalent units represented by formula: and one or more divalent units independently represented by formula: The copolymer has an —SO2X equivalent weight in a range from 300 to 2000. A polymer electrolyte membrane that includes the copolymer and a membrane electrode assembly that includes such a polymer electrolyte membrane are also provided.

Abstract: The fluoropolymer dispersion includes a copolymer having divalent units represented by formula —[CF2—CF2]—, divalent units represented by formula: [Formula should be inserted here], and one or more divalent units independently represented by formula: [Formula should be inserted here] dispersed in at least one of water or organic solvent. Methods of making the fluoropolymer dispersion and methods of using the fluoropolymer to make a at least one of a catalyst ink or polymer electrolyte membrane are also provided.

Abstract: The copolymer includes divalent units represented by formula: (I), one or more independently selected fluorinated divalent units, and —SO2X end groups. In this formula, b is 2 to 8, c is 0 to 2, and e is 1 to 8. In each SO2X, X is independently F, —NZH, —NZSO2(CF2)1?6SO2X?, —NZ[SO2(CF2)aSO2NZ]1?10SO2X?, or —OZ, wherein Z is a hydrogen, an alkali-metal cation or a quaternary ammonium cation, X? is independently —NZH or —OZ, and each a is independently 1 to 6. The copolymer has an —SO2X equivalent weight of up to 1000. The method includes copolymerizing components including fluorinated olefin and a compound represented by formula CF2?CF—CF2(O—CbF2b)c—O—(CeF2e)—SO2X?, wherein b, c, and e are as defined above. A method of making a membrane using the copolymer or ionomer is also provided. A polymer electrolyte membrane that includes the copolymer or the ionomer and a membrane electrode assembly that includes such a polymer electrolyte membrane are also provided.

Abstract: Described herein is a composition having a fluoropolymer derived from the polymerization of a monomer and a sulfinate-containing molecule, wherein the sulfinate-containing molecule is selected from the group consisting of Formula (I), Formula (II); and combinations thereof, wherein X1, X2, and X3 are each independently selected from H, F, Cl, a C1 to C4 alkyl group, and a C1 to C4 fluorinated alkyl group; R is a linking group; Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from F, CF3, and a perfluoroalkyl group; R1 and R2 are end-groups; p is 0 or 1; m is at least 1; and M is a cation. Also disclosed are methods of making and articles thereof.

Abstract: A method of making a copolymer is disclosed. The method includes copolymerizing components including tetrafluoroethylene and a compound represented by formula CF2?CF—O—(CF2)a—SO2—X, wherein “a” is a number from 1 to 4, and X is —NZH, —NZ—SO2—(CF2)1-6—SO2X?, or —OZ, wherein Z is independently a hydrogen, an alkali metal cation, or a quaternary ammonium cation, and wherein X is independently —NZH or —OZ. The components include at least 60 mole % of tetrafluoroethylene based on the total amount of components. A copolymer prepared by the method is also provided. A method of making a membrane using the copolymer is also provided. The present disclosure also provides a polymer electrolyte membrane that includes a copolymer made by the method and a membrane electrode assembly that includes such a polymer electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: Described herein is polymer melt additive composition for use as a processing aid in the extrusion of a non-fluorinated polymer, the polymer melt additive composition comprising a fluorine-containing polymer derived from the polymerization of a monomer and a sulfinate-containing molecule, wherein the sulfinate-containing molecule is selected from the group consisting of: (a) CX1X3?CX2—(R)p—CZ1Z2—SO2M??Formula (I) (b) ?and (c) combinations thereof, wherein X1, X2, and X3 are each independently selected from H, F, Cl, a C1 to C4 alkyl group, and a C1 to C4 fluorinated alkyl group; R is a linking group; Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from F, CF3, and a perfluoroalkyl group; R1 and R2 are end-groups; p is 0 or 1; m is at least 2; and M is a cation.

Abstract: A curable precursor composition for a fluoroelastomers, methods of making fluoroelastomers, shaped articles and methods of making shaped articles.