Abstract: A process is disclosed for cooling a material that includes semiconductor nanoparticles in matrix material by anti-Stokes up-conversion. The semiconductor nanoparticle matrix is irradiated by a laser with a photonic wavelength matched to the anti-Stokes photoluminescence of the semiconductor nanoparticle bandgap. The semiconductor nanoparticles absorb the laser photon and phonons (heat) from lattice vibrations to photoluminescence photons with higher energy than the photon that were absorbed. A net cooling effect is generated from the lower energy and lower temperature in the material after anti-Stoke up-conversion.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for cooling a material that includes semiconductor nanoparticles in matrix material by anti-Stokes up-conversion. The semiconductor nanoparticle matrix is irradiated by a laser with a photonic wavelength matched to the anti-Stokes photoluminescence of the semiconductor nanoparticle bandgap. The semiconductor nanoparticles absorb the laser photon and phonons (heat) from lattice vibrations to photoluminescence photons with higher energy than the photon that were absorbed. A net cooling effect is generated from the lower energy and lower temperature in the material after anti-Stoke up-conversion.

Abstract: A method encapsulates nanoscale material by producing a suspension of the nanostructure material in a first solvent using a micelle surrounding the nanostructure material. The micelle surrounding the suspended nanostructure material is swollen by adding to and mixing with the suspension an immiscible phase second solvent containing a precursor. The precursor is then reduced by adding a reducing reactant selectively soluble in the first solvent that reacts to the precursor containing reactant selectively solvated in the second solvent to encapsulate the nanostructure material. A metal-nanostructure composite can be provided by collecting and mixing the metal-shell encapsulated nanostructure product produced by the aforementioned method into a metal matrix.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for cooling a material that includes semiconductor nanoparticles in matrix material by anti-Stokes up-conversion. The semiconductor nanoparticle matrix is irradiated by a laser with a photonic wavelength matched to the anti-Stokes photoluminescence of the semiconductor nanoparticle bandgap. The semiconductor nanoparticles absorb the laser photon and phonons (heat) from lattice vibrations to photoluminescence photons with higher energy than the photon that were absorbed. A net cooling effect is generated from the lower energy and lower temperature in the material after anti-Stoke up-conversion.